Distinct peripheral pro-inflammatory profile associated with tuberous sclerosis complex and epilepsy.

Objective: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a monogenetic disorder associated with sustained mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, leading to heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Epilepsy and renal angiomyolipoma are the most important causes of morbidity in adult people with TSC (pwTSC). mTOR is a key player in inflammation, which in turn could influence TSC-related clinical manifestations.

Spectral Differentiation of Hyperdense Non-Vascular and Vascular Renal Lesions Without Solid Components in Contrast-Enhanced Photon-Counting Detector CT Scans-A Pilot Study.

: The number of incidental renal lesions identified in CT scans of the abdomen is increasing. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperdense renal lesions without solid components in a portal venous CT scan can be clearly classified as vascular or non-vascular by material decomposition into iodine and water. This retrospective single-center study included 26 patients (mean age 72 years ± 9; 16 male) with 42 hyperdense renal lesions (>20 HU) in a contrast-enhanced Photon-Counting Detector CT scan (PCD-CT) between May and December 2022.

Practical algebraic calculus and Nullstellensatz with the checkers Pacheck and Pastèque and Nuss-Checker.

Unlabelled: Automated reasoning techniques based on computer algebra have seen renewed interest in recent years and are for example heavily used in formal verification of arithmetic circuits. However, the verification process might contain errors. Generating and checking proof certificates is important to increase the trust in automated reasoning tools.

Impact of disease-associated chromatin accessibility QTLs across immune cell types and contexts.

Only a third of immune-associated loci from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) colocalize with expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). To learn about causal genes and mechanisms at the remaining loci, we created a unified single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) map in peripheral blood comprising a total of 282,424 cells from 48 individuals. Clustering and topic modeling of scATAC data identified discrete cell-types and continuous cell states, which helped reveal disease-relevant cellular contexts, and allowed mapping of genetic effects on chromatin accessibility across these contexts.

Widespread gene-environment interactions shape the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Genome-wide association studies performed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have uncovered various loci significantly associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. However, the underlying -regulatory genetic factors that contribute to heterogeneity in the response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their impact on clinical phenotypes remain enigmatic. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to quantify genetic contributions to -regulatory variation in 361,119 peripheral blood mononuclear cells across 63 COVID-19 patients during acute infection, 39 samples collected in the convalescent phase, and 106 healthy controls.

Optimizing gout treatment: A comprehensive review of current and emerging uricosurics.

Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis, affecting approximately 5.1% of adults in the United States (US) population. Gout is a metabolic and autoinflammatory disease.

Software-assisted structured reporting and semi-automated TNM classification for NSCLC staging in a multicenter proof of concept study.

Objectives: In this multi-center study, we proposed a structured reporting (SR) framework for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and developed a software-assisted tool to automatically translate image-based findings and annotations into TNM classifications. The aim of this study was to validate the software-assisted SR tool for NSCLC, assess its potential clinical impact in a proof-of-concept study, and evaluate current reporting standards in participating institutions.

Methods: A framework for SR and staging of NSCLC was developed in a multi-center collaboration.

Radiomics signature for automatic hydronephrosis detection in unenhanced Low-Dose CT.

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic performance of an automatic pipeline for detection of hydronephrosis on kidney's parenchyma on unenhanced low-dose CT of the abdomen.

Methods: This retrospective study included 95 patients with confirmed unilateral hydronephrosis in an unenhanced low-dose CT of the abdomen. Data were split into training (n = 67) and test (n = 28) cohorts.

Multiplanar reconstructions of the thoracic spine in a photon counting dual-source CT scanner: comparison to EID-CT.

Background: Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a groundbreaking technology with promising results for visualization of small bone structures.

Purpose: To analyze the delineation of the thoracic spine in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) on PCD-CT compared to energy-integrating detector (EID)-CT.

Material And Methods: Two euthanized mice were examined using different scanners: (i) 20-slice EID-CT and (ii) dual-source PCD-CT at various CTDI values.

A contact binary satellite of the asteroid (152830) Dinkinesh.

Asteroids with diameters less than about 5 km have complex histories because they are small enough for radiative torques (that is, YORP, short for the Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack effect) to be a notable factor in their evolution. (152830) Dinkinesh is a small asteroid orbiting the Sun near the inner edge of the main asteroid belt with a heliocentric semimajor axis of 2.19 AU; its S-type spectrum is typical of bodies in this part of the main belt.

Photon-counting detector CT - first experiences in the field of musculoskeletal radiology.

The introduction of photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) marks a remarkable leap in innovation in CT imaging. The new detector technology allows X-rays to be converted directly into an electrical signal without an intermediate step via a scintillation layer and allows the energy of individual photons to be measured. Initial data show high spatial resolution, complete elimination of electronic noise, and steady availability of spectral image data sets.

Intra-Host Evolution Analyses in an Immunosuppressed Patient Supports SARS-CoV-2 Viral Reservoir Hypothesis.

Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs.

Excess BAFF May Impact HIV-1-Specific Antibodies and May Promote Polyclonal Responses Including Those from First-Line Marginal Zone B-Cell Populations.

We have previously shown that blood levels of B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) rise relatively to disease progression status in the context of HIV-1 infection. Excess BAFF was concomitant with hyperglobulinemia and the deregulation of blood B-cell populations, notably with increased frequencies of a population sharing characteristics of transitional immature and marginal zone (MZ) B-cells, which we defined as marginal zone precursor-like" (MZp). In HIV-uninfected individuals, MZp present a B-cell regulatory (Breg) profile and function, which are lost in classic-progressors.

Role of visceral fat on postoperative complications and relapse in patients with Crohn's disease after ileocecal resection: Is it overrated?

Introduction: The role of visceral fat in disease development, particularly in Crohn´s disease (CD), is significant. However, its preoperative prognostic value for postoperative complications and CD relapse after ileocecal resection (ICR) remains unknown. This study aims to assess the predictive potential of preoperatively measured visceral and subcutaneous fat in postoperative complications and CD recurrence using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).