Long-Term Outcome of IgE-Mediated Cow's Milk Allergy and Risk Factors for Persistence.

Background: Resolution rates of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA) by age 5 years and risk factors for its persistence were previously described.

Objective: To extend follow-up until the end of adolescence.

Methods: This is an extension study of 23 of 54 patients diagnosed with IgE-CMA from a population-based study of 13,019 newborns, who remained allergic at age 5 years.

Projections of Disability in the Department of Defense Workforce Through 2031: Estimating Future Assistive Technology Requirements for Department of Defense Civilian Employees and Service Members.

The Department of Defense (DoD) requires both current and projected estimates of the size of its workforce population with specific categories of disabilities. These estimates support the requirements under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as well as the goals outlined in multiple executive orders, including Executive Order 14035, directing DoD to hire employees with disabilities and provide them with reasonable accommodations. These estimates are necessary to determine the assistive technology (AT) required and its anticipated costs through 2031.

Software-assisted automated detection and identification of "unknown" analogues of benzodiazepines in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis.

Rationale: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) construct a large group of psychoactive drugs acting as depressants of the central nervous system (CNS) and used in medicine as sedatives and anxiolytic and antiepileptic agents. The illicit use of these materials is a worldwide problem, and for many years, part of the benzodiazepines have been abused as rape drugs. For example, flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) is most commonly linked by media reports to drug-facilitated sexual assaults, more commonly referred to as "date rape.

Utility of Radiological Follow Up of Main-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Mixed-Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms.

Background: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have the potential to evolve into pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). While main-duct IPMNs (MD-IPMNs), involving the main pancreatic duct (MPD), are less common than side-branch IPMNs (SB-IPMNs) or mixed-type IPMNs (mixed-IPMNs), their malignant transformation potential is far greater. Controversy exists between different guidelines in terms of recommended management strategies.

Consumption of cow's milk formula in the nursery and the development of milk allergy.

Background: The effect of the amount of transient cow's milk formula (CMF) consumed during the first days of life on IgE-cow's milk allergy (IgE-CMA) is unknown.

Methods: A cohort of 58 patients with IgE-CMA was identified from a large scale population-based study of 13,019 infants followed from birth. A group of 116 infants matched for sex and breastfeeding only duration (beyond the nursery period), and another random group of 259 healthy infants were used as controls.

Sesame eliciting and safe doses in a large sesame allergic population.

Background: Sesame is a significant food allergen causing severe and even fatal reactions. Given its increasing prevalence in western diet, sesame is listed as an allergenic food requiring labeling in the United States and EU. However, data on the population reaction doses to sesame are limited.

Severe Anaphylactic Reactions to Home Doses of Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.

Background: Severe anaphylactic reactions to home doses may occur during food allergy oral immunotherapy (OIT).

Objective: To study the rate and risk factors for such reactions.

Methods: We studied all patients aged greater than 3.

Factors associated with home epinephrine-treated reactions during peanut and tree-nut oral immunotherapy.

Background: Home reactions requiring epinephrine administration, a marker of their severity, restrict the widespread use of oral immunotherapy (OIT), but their risk factors are largely not known.

Objective: To identify risk factors for such reactions during OIT to most allergenic foods.

Methods: All patients who began OIT for peanut, tree nuts, sesame, or egg allergy at the Shamir Medical Center between April 2010 and January 2020 were enrolled.

Informing Risk Management for Patients With Cow's Milk Allergy Based on Threshold Dose Distributions Using Low-Dose Food Challenges.

Background: The safe consumption of foods depends on their allergen content in relation to patients' lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) and no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), as well as other factors. In the case of milk, data on LOAEL and NOAEL are limited and conflicting.

Objective: To determine the threshold dose distribution and the lowest individual eliciting dose (ED) for milk in a large group of milk-allergic patients METHODS: Individuals with confirmed cow's milk allergy who underwent a diagnostic or pre-oral immunotherapy open milk oral food challenge at the Institute of Allergy, Immunology, and Pediatric Pulmonology at Shamir Medical Center between 2010 and 2015 were included.

Efficacy and safety of food allergy oral immunotherapy in adults.

Background: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an emerging method for treating food allergy in children. However, data regarding adults undergoing this process are lacking.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with food allergy aged ≥17 years who completed OIT treatment between April 2010 and December 2020 at Shamir Medical Center.

Localized chemogenetic silencing of inhibitory neurons: a novel mouse model of focal cortical epileptic activity.

Focal cortical epilepsies are frequently refractory to available anticonvulsant drug therapies. One key factor contributing to this state is the limited availability of animal models that allow to reliably study focal cortical seizures and how they recruit surrounding brain areas in vivo. In this study, we selectively expressed the inhibitory chemogenetic receptor, hM4D, in GABAergic neurons in focal cortical areas using viral gene transfer.

Probabilistic Inference with Polymerizing Biochemical Circuits.

Probabilistic inference-the process of estimating the values of unobserved variables in probabilistic models-has been used to describe various cognitive phenomena related to learning and memory. While the study of biological realizations of inference has focused on animal nervous systems, single-celled organisms also show complex and potentially "predictive" behaviors in changing environments. Yet, it is unclear how the biochemical machinery found in cells might perform inference.

Detection and management of milk allergy: Delphi consensus study.

Background: There is significant overdiagnosis of milk allergy in young children in some countries, leading to unnecessary use of specialized formula. This guidance, developed by experts without commercial ties to the formula industry, aims to reduce milk allergy overdiagnosis and support carers of children with suspected milk allergy.

Methods: Delphi study involving two rounds of anonymous consensus building and an open meeting between January and July 2021.

Promoting advance care planning (ACP) in community health clinics in Israel: Perceptions of older adults with pro-ACP attitudes and their family physicians.

Objective: We examined barriers and facilitators to patient-family physician discussions in Israel about advance care planning, including preparation of an advance directive by adults over age 65, as part of a program in two community health clinics which afforded family physicians the opportunity to dedicate time to such discussions with patients. To the best of our knowledge, the program is the first of its kind in Israel.

Method: We used thematic analyses of qualitative data collected through 22 interviews with patients with pro-advanced care planning attitudes and three focus groups with eleven family physicians.

Triggers for Home Epinephrine-Treated Reactions During Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.

Background: Home reactions requiring epinephrine treatment represent a significant obstacle to oral immunotherapy (OIT) and impair treatment outcome.

Objective: To identify potential triggers for such reactions for improvement of patient safety.

Methods: All patients aged older than 3.

A novel theoretical framework for simultaneous measurement of excitatory and inhibitory conductances.

The firing of neurons throughout the brain is determined by the precise relations between excitatory and inhibitory inputs, and disruption of their balance underlies many psychiatric diseases. Whether or not these inputs covary over time or between repeated stimuli remains unclear due to the lack of experimental methods for measuring both inputs simultaneously. We developed a new analytical framework for instantaneous and simultaneous measurements of both the excitatory and inhibitory neuronal inputs during a single trial under current clamp recording.

Reduction of corpus callosum activity during whisking leads to interhemispheric decorrelation.

Interhemispheric correlation between homotopic areas is a major hallmark of cortical physiology and is believed to emerge through the corpus callosum. However, how interhemispheric correlations and corpus callosum activity are affected by behavioral states remains unknown. We performed laminar extracellular and intracellular recordings simultaneously from both barrel cortices in awake mice.

Cross-Whisker Adaptation of Neurons in Layer 2/3 of the Rat Barrel Cortex.

Neurons in the barrel cortex respond preferentially to stimulation of one principal whisker and weakly to several adjacent whiskers. Such integration exists already in layer 4, the pivotal recipient layer of thalamic inputs. Previous studies show that cortical neurons gradually adapt to repeated whisker stimulations and that layer 4 neurons exhibit whisker specific adaptation and no apparent interactions with other whiskers.

An autonomous debating system.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of machines to perform tasks that are usually associated with intelligent beings. Argument and debate are fundamental capabilities of human intelligence, essential for a wide range of human activities, and common to all human societies. The development of computational argumentation technologies is therefore an important emerging discipline in AI research.

Characteristics and associated morbidities of young adults with misconceived food allergy: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Many patients with self-reported food allergy are not allergic but suffer from similar burdens. We aimed to characterize young adults with misconceived food allergy.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of individuals ( = 12,592) aged 17-18 years, recruited to the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) at a single urban-area recruitment center over a six month-period.

Patient Characteristics and Risk Factors for Home Epinephrine-Treated Reactions During Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy.

Background: Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is effective in desensitizing food-allergic patients but adverse events limit its applicability.

Objective: To identify risk factors for home epinephrine-treated reactions during the build-up phase of OIT.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients older than 3.

The Contribution of Therapeutic Horseback Riding to the Improvement of Executive Functions and Self-Esteem Among Children With ADHD.

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is associated with difficulties in executive functions (EFs), () and self-esteem. To examine the contribution of therapeutic horseback riding to the EFs' improvement and self-esteem. In total, 123 Israeli children diagnosed with ADHD participated in the study.

Strain shielding for cemented hip implants.

Background: Long-term survival of hip implants is of increasing relevance due to the rising life expectancy. The biomechanical effect of strain shielding as a result of implant insertion may lead to bone resorption, thus increasing risk for implant loosening and periprosthetic fractures. Patient-specific quantification of strain shielding could assist orthopedic surgeons in choosing the biomechanically most appropriate prosthesis.