A Qualitative Analysis of Methotrexate Self-injection Education Videos on YouTube: A Change in the Right Direction.

Background: Patients are increasingly turning to the Internet for health guidance, requiring awareness from clinicians of constantly changing resources and quality of available information. A previous study demonstrated a minority of YouTube videos were useful for teaching methotrexate (MTX) self-injection; however, YouTube content constantly evolves, and previous results may not represent current videos. This study provides an update on previous work from 2014 evaluating the quality of YouTube videos demonstrating self-administered subcutaneous MTX injections.

IRF8 as a Novel Marker to Differentiate Between CD30-Positive Large Cell Lymphomas.

Objectives: Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a new biomarker shown to be positive in monocytic leukemias as well as in B cells. As a transcription factor, it plays a critical role in pre-B-cell differentiation and induction of tolerance pathways, among other functions. Given the frequent diagnostic dilemma in CD30-positive large cell lymphomas that could resemble both Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), we sought to determine whether IRF8 can be useful in distinguishing between these neoplasms that require different treatment strategies.

Vascular endothelium as a target for perfluroalkyl substances (PFAs).

Introduction: Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAs) are ubiquitous, anthropogenic organic compounds that have been linked with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors. Older, long-chain PFAs have been phased out due to adverse cardiometabolic health effect and replaced by newer short-chain PFAs. However, emerging research suggests that short-chain PFAs may also have adverse cardiovascular effects.

Changes in Chemical Composition and Copepod Toxicity during Petroleum Photo-oxidation.

Photoproducts can be formed rapidly in the initial phase of a marine oil spill. However, their toxicity is not well understood. In this study, oil was irradiated, chemically characterized, and tested for toxicity in three copepod species (, , and ).

Oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy can be minimized by pressurized regional intravascular delivery in an orthotopic murine pancreatic cancer model.

Purpose: There is a great need to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy used in the management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here we explore if regional pressurized delivery of oxaliplatin can minimize peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Methods: We used an orthotopic PDAC mouse model and delivered a single dose of oxaliplatin through the portal vein using a pressure-enabled system (pancreatic retrograde venous infusion, PRVI).

Attachment-based family therapy for sexual and gender minority young adults and their nonaccepting parents.

This pilot open trial examined the efficacy of attachment-based family therapy (ABFT) for Israeli sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults and their persistently nonaccepting parents. Thirty families received up to 26 weeks of treatment, with parental rejection, parental acceptance, and young adults' attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety assessed at baseline, 8, 16, 24, and 36 weeks (three months post-treatment). Analyses using multilevel growth models revealed that both young adults and their mothers independently reported increases in mothers' acceptance of their young adult's same-sex orientation or noncisgender identity.

Assessing the Future of Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.

With the advent of cancer immunotherapy, there has been a major improvement in patient's quality of life and survival. The growth of cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed our understanding of the basics of cancer biology and has altered the standards of care (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) for patients. Cancer immunotherapy has generated significant excitement with the success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in particular.

Generalized ComBat harmonization methods for radiomic features with multi-modal distributions and multiple batch effects.

Radiomic features have a wide range of clinical applications, but variability due to image acquisition factors can affect their performance. The harmonization tool ComBat is a promising solution but is limited by inability to harmonize multimodal distributions, unknown imaging parameters, and multiple imaging parameters. In this study, we propose two methods for addressing these limitations.

Generation of a μ-1,2-hydroperoxo FeFe and a μ-1,2-peroxo FeFe Complex.

μ-1,2-Peroxo-diferric intermediates (P) of non-heme diiron enzymes are proposed to convert upon protonation either to high-valent active species or to activated P' intermediates via hydroperoxo-diferric intermediates. Protonation of synthetic μ-1,2-peroxo model complexes occurred at the μ-oxo and not at the μ-1,2-peroxo bridge. Here we report a stable μ-1,2-peroxo complex {Fe(μ-O)(μ-1,2-O)Fe} using a dinucleating ligand and study its reactivity.

Interactions of physical activity, muscular fitness, adiposity, and genetic risk for NAFLD.

Genetic predisposition and unhealthy lifestyle are risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated whether the genetic risk of NAFLD is modified by physical activity, muscular fitness, and/or adiposity. In up to 242,524 UK Biobank participants without excessive alcohol intake or known liver disease, we examined cross-sectional interactions and joint associations of physical activity, muscular fitness, body mass index (BMI), and a genetic risk score (GRS) with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and the proxy definition for suspected NAFLD of ALT levels > 30 U/L in women and >40 U/L in men.

Risk factors for respiratory adverse events after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children with down syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.

Unlabelled: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a major cause of morbidity in the Down syndrome population and is commonly treated with adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy (AT). However, these children are at increased risk for perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs). The objective of this study was to examine risk factors for major PRAEs requiring intervention in children with Down syndrome undergoing AT and to describe their postoperative monitoring environment.

A wide-field micro-computed tomography detector: micron resolution at half-centimetre scale.

Ideal three-dimensional imaging of complex samples made up of micron-scale structures extending over mm to cm, such as biological tissues, requires both wide field of view and high resolution. For existing optics and detectors used for micro-CT (computed tomography) imaging, sub-micron pixel resolution can only be achieved for fields of view of <2 mm. This article presents a unique detector system with a 6 mm field-of-view image circle and 0.

Routine lung volume recruitment in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Impaired cough results in airway secretion retention, atelectasis and pneumonia in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Lung volume recruitment (LVR) stacks breaths to inflate the lungs to greater volumes than spontaneous effort. LVR is recommended in DMD clinical care guidelines but is not well studied.

Enhanced Cardiac CaMKII Oxidation and CaMKII-Dependent SR Ca Leak in Patients with Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

Background: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with increased oxidant generation. Oxidized Ca/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) can contribute to atrial arrhythmias by the stimulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca release events, i.e.

Chlamydia trachomatis Variants Escaping Detection in the Aptima Combo 2 Assay in the United States.

Background: The Aptima Combo 2 (AC2) assay manufactured by Hologic, Inc., detects Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in urogenital and extragenital specimens by targeting either a 16S rRNA (N. gonorrhoeae) or 23S rRNA (CT) region.

Missed Opportunities in Identifying Cardiomyopathy Aetiology Prior to Advanced Heart Failure Therapy.

Background: Specific aetiologies of cardiomyopathy can significantly impact treatment options as well as appropriateness and prioritisation for advanced heart failure therapies such as ventricular assist device (VAD) or orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). We reviewed the tissue diagnoses of patients who underwent advanced therapies for heart failure (HF) to identify diagnostic discrepancies.

Methods: This study presents a retrospective cohort of the aetiology of cardiomyopathy in 118 patients receiving either durable VAD or OHT.

Radiomic Phenotypes for Improving Early Prediction of Survival in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Adenocarcinoma after Chemoradiation.

We evaluate radiomic phenotypes derived from CT scans as early predictors of overall survival (OS) after chemoradiation in stage III primary lung adenocarcinoma. We retrospectively analyzed 110 thoracic CT scans acquired between April 2012-October 2018. Patients received a median radiation dose of 66.

Strategies for manufacturing cell therapy products aligned with patient needs.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapies have demonstrated promising clinical response rates for patients with hematological malignancies. CAR-T cells are generated by bioengineering patient T cells to express CAR proteins that can specifically target tumor antigens. For CAR-T therapy to be effective in solid tumors, several factors including trafficking, activation, expansion, and persistence are important considerations in hostile tumor microenvironment (TME).

Improvements in appropriate ambulatory antibiotic prescribing using a bundled antibiotic stewardship intervention in general pediatrics practices.

Objective: To improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing for children in Tennessee.

Design: We performed a before-and-after intervention study with 3 comparison periods: period 1 (P1, baseline) May 2018-September 2019; period 2 (P2, intervention before the COVID-19 pandemic) November 11, 2019-March 20, 2020; and period 3 (P3, intervention during the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic) March 21, 2020-November 10, 2020. We additionally surveyed participating providers to assess acceptance of the intervention.

Global assessment of IRF8 as a novel cancer biomarker.

Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a member of the IRF family that is specific to the hematopoietic cell and is involved in regulating the development of human monocytic and dendritic-lineage cells, as well as B-cells. Because its utility as a sensitive and specific monoblast marker in the context of acute monocytic leukemias has been recently demonstrated, we hypothesized that it may also be useful as a novel immunohistochemical marker in myeloid sarcomas and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDCNs) with respect to their differential diagnoses. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the IHC expression pattern of IRF8 in 385 patient samples across 30 types of cancers, referenced to their mRNA expression data available through The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Imaging in pleural mesothelioma: A review of the 15th International Conference of the International Mesothelioma Interest Group.

Imaging of mesothelioma plays a role in all aspects of patient management, including disease detection, staging, evaluation of treatment options, response assessment, pre-surgical evaluation, and surveillance. Imaging in this disease impacts a wide range of disciplines throughout the healthcare enterprise. Researchers and clinician-scientists are developing state-of-the-art techniques to extract more of the information contained within these medical images and to utilize it for more sophisticated tasks; moreover, image-acquisition technology is advancing the inherent capabilities of these images.

Pulmonary Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ex-Preterm Children with and without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Children born prematurely, particularly those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, have persisting lung abnormalities requiring longitudinal monitoring. Pulmonary ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements may provide sensitive markers of persisting lung abnormalities and have not been evaluated in school-aged children born prematurely. To compare pulmonary MRI and pulmonary function test measurements in preterm-born school-aged children with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Educating the Public on the Health Risks of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes: Results From a US-Based Convenience Sample.

Introduction: US FDA issued an advance notice of proposed rulemaking to reduce nicotine in cigarettes. To maximize the benefits of this potential standard, very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes must be communicated in a way that does not result in misperceptions.

Aims And Methods: Adults (n = 567 who smoke; n = 610 non-smokers) from an online platform were randomized to a control message previously associated with accurate addictiveness perceptions of VLNC cigarettes but health misperceptions or to one of five messages that also included messaging on nicotine morbidity effects or VLNC cigarettes morbidity or mortality effects.