Graying arts access: crafting creative online programming to promote older adults' artistic engagement in and beyond pandemic time.

Introduction: Declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, the COVID-19 virus and attendant patchwork of local, regional, and national government-initiated public health responses to it unexpectedly opened possibilities for greater access to culture for disabled and chronically ill people in ways that were unimagined in pre-pandemic times. During the "emergency" period of the pandemic, the fields of critical disability studies and aging studies independently demonstrated the importance and value of shifting to digital technologies for disabled people and older adults respectively; however, to date, little scholarship has considered the value of digital technologies for older adults aging with and into disabilities beyond pandemic time.

Methods: Informed by the theoretical insights of scholarship exploring critical access and the aging-disability nexus, this paper draws from empirical data collected during Phase 2 of Direct[Message]: Digital Access to Artistic Engagement, a collaborative, community-based, arts-informed research project based in Southwestern Ontario (Canada).

Longitudinal Associations Between Psychological Resilience and Cognitive Function:Evidence from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study.

Objective: Reductions in psychological resilience and declining cognition are common among older adults. Understanding the longitudinal association between them could be beneficial for interventions that focus on age-related cognitive and psychological health. In this study, we evaluated the longitudinal associations between cognition and psychological resilience over time in a nationally representative sample of US older adults.

Optimizing infant neuroimaging methods to understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of early nutrition and feeding.

There is strong evidence proper nutrition is imperative for healthy infant neurodevelopment, providing the neural foundations for later cognition and behavior. Over the first years of life infants are supported by unique sources of nutrition (e.g.

Nicotinamide Riboside and CD38: Covalent Inhibition and Live-Cell Labeling.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is required for a myriad of metabolic, signaling, and post-translational events in cells. Its levels in tissues and organs are closely associated with health conditions. The homeostasis of NAD is regulated by biosynthetic pathways and consuming enzymes.

Factors associated with perceived health of school-aged children in rural Rwanda: an opportunity to leverage community health workers to enhance school health promotion and primary healthcare systems linkages.

Background: In many low-income countries, enhancing the health of school-aged children is often impeded by insufficient or limited knowledge regarding their health status. Further, hands-on health promotion interventions are nearly non-existent due to the lack of designated health workers. The disconnection between schools and primary care facilities further exacerbates this issue.

Associations Between Hydration Status and Executive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings from the Nationally Representative Health and Retirement Study.

The purpose of the current study is to examine the association between hydration status and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, drawing from a large, nationally representative sample in the United States and using a comprehensive set of executive function performance measures. We utilized data from the Health and Retirement Study to conduct twelve, three-stage hierarchical regressions on hydration status and executive function performance of older adults. Cognitive performance scores on the Trail Making A, Symbol Digit Modalities, and Letter Cancellation tests significantly differed by hydration status, and these outcomes follow a curvilinear pattern, such that performance scores are lower for those who are hyper-hydrated or dehydrated relative to those who are euhydrated or near-dehydration.

Neuroprotective Dietary Patterns and Longitudinal Changes in Cognitive Function in Older Adults.

Background: Numerous studies have examined the association between neuroprotective diets and cognitive function during aging; however, these studies have produced divergent findings. Some studies find that greater adherence to these dietary patterns is associated with preserved cognition, whereas others find no effect.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association of the Mediterranean, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegeneration Delay (MIND) dietary patterns with global cognition over 4 waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study, a longitudinal panel study conducted at the University of Michigan.

On prior visual experience in mental map navigation using allocentric and egocentric perspectives in the visually impaired.

Using new developments in the mental comparison task paradigm, this study addresses the question of the influence of prior visual experience in the natural use of mental perspective to achieve mental spatial tasks without any protocol-imposed perspective. During the experiment, 39 participants (11 early blind, 13 late blind, and 15 blindfolded-sighted) explored two corridor maps to memorise the spatial arrangement of 10 objects disposed along corridors. After the learning phase, several tasks addressing spatial memory and reasoning used in the mental spatial representation were performed.

Diagnostic dilemma: Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in a 70-year-Old woman.

Purpose: Reports of atypical cases have increased awareness that Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is not solely a disease of young men. Here, we present a case of a 70-year-old woman who presented with bilateral sequential loss of vision, and, after several diagnostic dilemmas, was ultimately found to have LHON.

Observations: Our patient presented with a one-month history of progressive central vision loss in the right eye.

Effectiveness of a Mobile App (Meds@HOME) to Improve Medication Safety for Children With Medical Complexity: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: This study will pilot-test the mobile app, Medication Safety @HOME-Meds@HOME intervention to improve medication administration accuracy, reduce preventable adverse drug events, and ultimately improve chronic care management for children with medical complexity (CMC). The Meds@HOME app was co-designed with CMC families, secondary caregivers (SCGs), and health professionals to support medication management for primary caregivers (PCGs) and SCGs of CMC. We hypothesize that Meds@HOME will improve caregivers' medication administration accuracy, reduce preventable adverse drug events, and ultimately improve chronic care management.

School Perceptions and Attendance for Children With Medical Complexity During COVID-19 Over Time.

Background: Disparities in school attendance exist for children with medical complexity (CMC) due to COVID-19. Longitudinal changes in family-reported school safety perceptions and predictors of full-time, in-person school attendance are unknown.

Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal cohort study with 3 survey waves (June 2021-June 2022) among English- and Spanish-speaking families of CMC aged 5 to 17 years and pre-pandemic school attendance.

Somatic, emotional, and gastrointestinal symptom severity are increased among children and adolescents with COVID-19.

Background: Post-infectious disorders of gut-brain interaction (PI-DGBI) have significant impact on children and adolescents. The effect of COVID-19 on PI-DGBI-associated symptoms in this population, however, is unknown.

Methods: We performed electronic medical record searches to identify patients 8-17 years old with a SARS-CoV2 PCR test at Lurie Children's Hospital between November 2020 and March 2021 (cohort 1) and April-October 2021 (cohort 2).

Intolerance of uncertainty as a predictor of anxiety severity and trajectory during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Efforts to identify risk and resilience factors for anxiety severity and course during the COVID-19 pandemic have focused primarily on demographic rather than psychological variables. Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a transdiagnostic risk factor for anxiety, may be a particularly relevant vulnerability factor.

Method: N = 641 adults with pre-pandemic anxiety data reported their anxiety, IU, and other pandemic and mental health-related variables at least once and up to four times during the COVID-19 pandemic, with assessments beginning in May 2020 through March 2021.

"I Think You Covered the Three Levels of Drugs and Consent": Qualitatively Testing Different Operationalizations of an Alcohol and Other Drugs-Involved Sexual Violence.

Substance-involved rape is increasing among college students, particularly women (Koss et al., 2022). Addressing rape requires first measuring it accurately in surveys to understand its true scope and nature.

Correction: Mood symptoms predict COVID-19 pandemic distress but not vice versa: An 18-month longitudinal study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Improving Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence in Patients With Lower Socioeconomic Status: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Participation in cardiac rehabilitation is associated with significant decreases in morbidity and mortality. Despite the proven benefits, cardiac rehabilitation is severely underutilized in certain populations, specifically those with lower socioeconomic status (SES).

Objective: To assess the efficacy of early case management and/or financial incentives for increasing cardiac rehabilitation adherence among patients with lower SES.

Pursuing the elusive footsteps of malaria in peripheral blood smears utilizing artificial intelligence.

For over a century, the need to identify malaria in the peripheral blood has been the driving force behind the development of fundamental clinical microscopy techniques. In the study by Moysis et al., artificial intelligence-based model was utilized to identify and provide quantitative morphological characteristics of red blood cells typical to severe malaria anaemia, irrespective to the actual presence of visible parasites.

Latent profiles of social reactions to sexual assault disclosure among bisexual women.

Objective: Bisexual women experience higher rates of sexual assault (SA) and posttrauma distress compared to monosexual women. We examined the patterns of reactions to SA disclosure (positive and two types of negative) and bisexual minority stress (antibisexual stigma from heterosexual and lesbian/gay people, internalized binegativity) experienced by young bisexual women who experienced adult SA. We also examined differences in assault-related experiences, posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms, and hazardous drinking based on the identified patterns.

Revealing Vision-Language Integration in the Brain with Multimodal Networks.

We use (multi)modal deep neural networks (DNNs) to probe for sites of multimodal integration in the human brain by predicting stereoen-cephalography (SEEG) recordings taken while human subjects watched movies. We operationalize sites of multimodal integration as regions where a multimodal vision-language model predicts recordings better than unimodal language, unimodal vision, or linearly-integrated language-vision models. Our target DNN models span different architectures (e.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Digital Microscopy System for the Routine Analysis of Bone Marrow Aspirates.

Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) smear analysis is essential for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of a variety of benign and neoplastic hematological conditions. Currently, this analysis is performed by manual microscopy. We conducted a multicenter study to validate a computational microscopy approach with an artificial intelligence-driven decision support system.

Population Transformer: Learning Population-Level Representations of Neural Activity.

We present a self-supervised framework that learns population-level codes for arbitrary ensembles of neural recordings at scal. We address two key challenges in scaling models with neural time-series data: sparse and variable electrode distribution across subjects and datasets. The Population Transformer (PopT) stacks on top of pretrained representations and enhances downstream decoding by enabling learned aggregation of multiple spatially-sparse data channels.

Impact of HIV preexposure prophylaxis prescriptions on HIV diagnoses in New York City.

Background: HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has proven to be efficacious and effective in preventing HIV infections, but few studies have reported its impact in the real world.

Methods: We conducted an ecological analysis and compared the trends in HIV PrEP prescriptions with the trends in age-adjusted HIV diagnosis rates in New York City (NYC). Joinpoint regression analyses were used to identify any temporal trends in HIV diagnosis rates in NYC.

Cigarette smoking and cognitive task performance: Experimental effects of very-low nicotine-content cigarettes.

Reductions in the nicotine content of cigarettes decrease smoking rate and dependence severity, but effects on cognition are less well established. The potential impacts of very-low nicotine-content (VLNC) cigarettes on cognitive task performance must be evaluated, especially in vulnerable populations. The aim of the present study is to experimentally examine the effects of VLNC cigarettes on cognitive performance.