Immediate and evolving emotions among directly exposed survivors 7 years after the Oklahoma City bombing.

The Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 was one of the most devastating incidents of terrorism in America at that time. Existing research has not examined changes in emotional responses outside of psychopathology to disaster over time. The sample for this study consisted of adult participants randomly selected from a state registry of survivors who were directly exposed to the 1995 bombing in Oklahoma City.

A longitudinal follow-up study of rescue and recovery narratives of Oklahoma City bombing responders nearly a quarter century later.

Background: Most research examining first responders of terrorist incidents has been conducted in early post-disaster periods, utilized quantitative research methods, and focused on psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress.

Methods: Longitudinal follow-up assessments of 124 workers from 181 baseline volunteer rescue and recovery workers originally studied were completed nearly a quarter century after the terrorist bombing of the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. Open-ended qualitative interviews were used in the follow-up study.

A longitudinal follow-up study of Oklahoma City bombing survivors in the first quarter century after the disaster.

Background: This study is one of the longest postdisaster prospective longitudinal studies of disaster-related psychopathology, completed nearly a quarter century after a terrorist bombing, and the longest follow-up study ever conducted using full diagnostic assessment in highly exposed disaster survivors.

Methods: Oklahoma City bombing survivors (87% injured) were randomly selected from a state survivor registry and interviewed approximately 6 months postdisaster (N = 182; 71% participation) and again nearly 25 years later (N = 103; 72% participation). Interviews were conducted using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (a structured interview assessing full diagnostic criteria) for panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder at baseline and also for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) at follow-up.

A Prospective Post-disaster Longitudinal Follow-up Study of Emotional and Psychosocial Outcomes of the Oklahoma City Bombing Rescue and Recovery Workers During the First Quarter Century Afterward.

Objective: Little prospectively assessed post-disaster longitudinal research has been done on mental health (MH) outcomes of disaster rescue and recovery workers. This longitudinal prospective study, which is examining first responders to a terrorist bombing in Oklahoma City after nearly a quarter century, was conducted to investigate their long-term MH outcomes using full diagnostic assessments. This will most accurately inform planning for longitudinal MH care needs.

A longitudinal study of Oklahoma City bombing rescue and recovery responders providing qualitative introspections of their experience nearly a quarter century later.

Background: The 1995 terrorist bombing in Oklahoma City provided a particularly useful research opportunity. It was the most severe incident of terrorism on American soil at the time. Prior research on rescue and recovery workers responding to such events has been largely limited to early post-disaster periods, most focusing on psychopathology such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

Making Meaning of Surviving the Oklahoma City Bombing Seven Years Later.

: No previous studies examined how survivors made meaning (i.e. interpreted the personal significance) of a disaster experience after seven years.

A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Qualitative Disaster Narratives of Highly Trauma-Exposed Survivors of the Oklahoma City Bombing Nearly a Quarter Century Later.

: To examine highly trauma-exposed survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City Murrah Federal Building bombing nearly a quarter century later, focusing on survivors' immediate personal experiences of it through open-ended narratives. : An original sample of 182 bombing survivors, studied approximately 6 months post bombing, was randomly selected from a state registry of 1,092 bombing survivors, with 71% participation. Of the original 182 bombing survivors, 103 completed the longitudinal follow-up, conducted at a median of 23 years post bombing.

A Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Workplace Issues, Authorities and Media, and Relationships Recounted by Oklahoma City Bombing Survivors After Nearly a Quarter Century.

Objective: The aim of the study is to examine the long-term course of disaster-related experience among survivors of a terrorist bombing and the long-term recollection of initial workplace effects across nearly a quarter century.

Methods: From an initial randomly selected sample of highly trauma-exposed survivors of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, 103 participated in qualitative open-ended interviews about their bombing experience approximately 23 years after disaster.

Results: The survivors described their bombing experience clearly with extensive detail and expression of persistent strong emotion.

Prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia in an Electronic Medical Record Study at a Large Community Mental Health Treatment Center.

To determine the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) identified by clinicians in naturalistic data in a real-world treatment setting. Electronic medical record data were analyzed from a single large community mental health treatment center for all psychiatric provider encounters of 120,431 unique adult and child patients during a 5-year period from January 2013 through December 2017, focusing on clinician-identified TD in patients prescribed antipsychotic medication. Only half of the antipsychotic-prescribed patients had Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) information recorded in their medical records, and only 1% of those with AIMS data had a positive AIMS identifying TD.