A Didactic Community Pharmacy Course to Improve Pharmacy Students' Clinical Skills and Business Management Knowledge.

To create, implement and evaluate a Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) course on clinical services in community pharmacy settings. A 2-credit hour elective course was offered to second- and third-year pharmacy (P2 and P3) students. The course was developed using integrated course design principles.

Use of the Muddiest Point Technique as an exam review in an integrated pharmacotherapy course.

Background And Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact in student pharmacists' exam performance learning outcomes and satisfaction after integrating the Muddiest Point assessment technique into exam reviews.

Educational Activity And Setting: In 2016, the Muddiest Point, a formative assessment tool, was used to develop exam review sessions for second-year student pharmacists in an integrated pharmacotherapy course focused on the cardiovascular system. Performance scores on all four exams were compared between students in the 2015 and 2016 courses.

Development, implementation, and evaluation of a service-learning series for pharmacy students using a public health tool.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe the utility of the Assessment, Development, Assurance: Pharmacist's Tool (ADAPT) during the design, delivery, and assessment of service-learning events by pharmacy students.

Educational Activity And Setting: The ADAPT instrument was used to develop a series of five service-learning events that featured a health promotion program delivered by 19 pharmacy students and attended by over 200 senior citizens at local senior centers. Student competence was assessed prior to participating in the service-learning activities and each student completed a reflection following the event.

Race as a factor for intensification of diabetes medications.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if patients of nonwhite race are less likely to receive insulin therapy for treatment of poorly controlled diabetes than patients of white race.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients with an A1C >10%. The primary objective was to determine any difference in the initiation of insulin between white and nonwhite patients.