Carbon dioxide inhibits UVB-induced inflammatory response by activating the proton-sensing receptor, GPR65, in human keratinocytes.

Carbon dioxide (CO) is the predominant gas molecule emitted during aerobic respiration. Although CO can improve blood circulation in the skin via its vasodilatory effects, its effects on skin inflammation remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of CO in human keratinocytes and skin.

Facial application of high-concentration carbon dioxide prevents epidermal impairment associated with environmental changes.

Purpose: The transdermal application of carbon dioxide (CO) gas dissolved in a solution and bathing in carbonated springs have been known to improve circulatory disorders. We aimed to elucidate and profile the effects of CO application on local skin function.

Patients And Methods: A liquid formulation that included high-concentration CO or a control formulation was applied to the face of healthy men for 8 weeks.

The reconstructed skin micronucleus assay in EpiDerm™: reduction of false-positive results - a mechanistic study with epigallocatechin gallate.

The high rate of false-positive or misleading results in in vitro mammalian genotoxicity testing is a hurdle in the development of valuable chemicals, especially those used in cosmetics, for which in vivo testing is banned in the European Union. The reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay in EpiDerm™ (MatTek Corporation, USA) has shown promise as a follow-up for positive in vitro mammalian genotoxicity tests. However, few studies have explored its better predictive performance compared with existing in vitro assays.

Genotoxicity studies of glycidol fatty acid ester (glycidol linoleate) and glycidol.

Glycidol fatty acid esters (GEs) are found in refined edible oils. Safety concerns have been alleged due to the possible release of glycidol (G), an animal carcinogen. We evaluated the genotoxic potential of glycidol linoleate (GL), a primary GE found in an edible oil (diacylglycerol oil), and G, using three established genotoxicity tests (a bacterial reverse mutation test, an in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and an in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test) under GLP conditions complying with all OECD guidelines.

The dst1 gene involved in mushroom photomorphogenesis of Coprinus cinereus encodes a putative photoreceptor for blue light.

The homobasidiomycete Coprinus cinereus exhibits remarkable photomorphogenesis during fruiting-body development. Under proper light conditions, fruiting-body primordia proceed to the maturation phase in which basidia in the pileus undergo meiosis, producing sexual spores, followed by stipe elongation and pileus expansion for efficient dispersal of the spores. In the continuous darkness, however, the primordia do not proceed to the maturation phase but are etiolated: the pileus and stipe tissues at the upper part of the primordium remain rudimentary and the basal part of the primordium elongates, producing "dark stipe.