Monascus pigment prevent the oxidative cytotoxicity in myotube derived hydrogen peroxide.

The amounts of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) become higher by strenuous exercises which consume larger amounts of oxygen in active muscles. Since these ROS directly injured muscles, the high ROS concentration involves muscle fatigue. Thus, an immediate ROS scavenging system in the muscle is desired.

Effect of acute moderate-intensity cycling on cfDNA levels considering menstrual cycle phases.

Introduction: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) levels and concentration changes during the menstrual cycle in participants with regular menstrual cycles and no exercise habits.

Methods: Eleven sedentary female students with regular menstrual cycles and ovulation performed bicycle exercises at 60% VO for 30 min during the menstrual, ovulatory, and luteal phases. Blood samples were collected before (Pre), immediately after (Post 0), 30 min after (Post 30), and 60 min after (Post 60) exercise.

Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and microRNA miR-29b regulate renalase gene expression under catecholamine excess conditions.

Aims: Renalase, a key mediator of cross-talk between kidneys and sympathetic nervous system, exerts protective roles in various cardiovascular/renal disease states. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning renalase gene expression remain incompletely understood. Here, we sought to identify the key molecular regulators of renalase under basal/catecholamine-excess conditions.

Effects of lactate administration on hypertrophy and mTOR signaling activation in mouse skeletal muscle.

Lactate is a metabolic product of glycolysis and has recently been shown to act as a signaling molecule that induces adaptations in oxidative metabolism. In this study, we investigated whether lactate administration enhanced muscle hypertrophy and protein synthesis responses during resistance exercise in animal models. We used male ICR mice (7-8 weeks old) were used for chronic (mechanical overload induced by synergist ablation: [OL]) and acute (high-intensity muscle contraction by electrical stimulation: [ES]) resistance exercise models.

Xanthine oxidoreductase activity in marathon runners: potential implications for marathon-induced acute kidney injury.

Excess activation of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) may contribute to the pathogenesis of widespread remote organ injury, including kidney injury. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute impact of marathon running on plasma XOR activity and to examine whether plasma XOR activity is associated with marathon-induced elevations in biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI). Twenty-three young men (aged 20-25 yr) who participated in the 38th Tsukuba Marathon were included.

Long-Term Habitual Exercise and Combination of β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate plus Black Ginger Alter the Autophagy and Mitochondria Related Genes in SAMP8 Mice.

Muscle mass and strength decrease with aging; however, habitual exercise can maintain muscle health. β-Hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate calcium (HMB) and black ginger (BG) improve muscle protein metabolism and energy production. Combining these two molecules, which have similar effects, may have a synergistic effect.

Gene expression level of renalase in the skeletal muscles is increased with high-intensity exercise training in mice on a high-fat diet.

Introduction: Exercise training is beneficial for reducing obesity. In particular, exercise training can lower the catecholamine concentration in circulation. Renalase, whose expression was first confirmed in the kidneys, is a physiologically active substance that decomposes circulating catecholamines; additionally, it has been reported to be present in the skeletal muscles.

Plasma free metanephrine and normethanephrine levels correlated to plasma catecholamine after acute running in amateur runner.

Background: Catecholamine is a typical index of exercise intensity, but it is difficult to detect. Plasma metanephrine (MN) and normethanephrine (NMN) levels are more stable than those of catecholamines. This study aimed to investigate plasma MN and NMN levels during acute exercise running in amateur runners.

Effects of renalase deficiency on liver fibrosis markers in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model.

Progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is attributed to several factors, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In recent years, renalase has been reported to suppress oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. A number of studies have suggested that renalase may be associated with protecting the liver from injury.

Renalase is localized to the small intestine crypt and expressed upon the activation of NF-κB p65 in mice model of fasting-induced oxidative stress.

Aims: Renalase expression is regulated by Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and antioxidative stress function in renal cells were reported. However, dynamics of renalase and localizes in intestine were remain unknown. We evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on renalase expression and localization using model of fasting induced oxidative stress and Caco-2 cell, and examined the its physiological effects.

Denervation-induced muscle atrophy suppression in renalase-deficient mice via increased protein synthesis.

Denervation-induced muscle atrophy increases signaling through both protein degradation and synthesis pathways. Renalase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase that inhibits apoptosis and inflammation and promotes cell survival. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of renalase on denervation-induced muscle atrophy.

Relationship between early-onset muscle soreness and indirect muscle damage markers and their dynamics after a full marathon.

Background/objective: Muscle soreness and damage occurs after completing a full marathon. Here we refer to muscle soreness induced by prolonged running as early-onset muscle soreness (EOMS) because muscle soreness and damage markers induced after prolonged running are different from delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and muscle damage markers induced after eccentric contraction, such as resistance exercise. The dynamics and relationship between muscle damage markers and EOMS are unclear; therefore, in this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship between EOMS and indirect muscle damage markers, and their dynamics after a full marathon.

LDH isoenzyme 5 is an index of early onset muscle soreness during prolonged running.

Background: Muscle soreness is also induced during prolonged running such as a full marathon, and muscle soreness and increased damage markers are detected immediately after such a running. We named this muscle soreness, early onset muscle soreness (EOMS). Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level which has some isoenzyme is increased immediately after prolonged exercise.

Moderate-intensity exercise increases renalase levels in the blood and skeletal muscle of rats.

Renalase is predominantly expressed in the kidney, where it plays a role in catecholamine metabolism and blood pressure regulation. Moderate-intensity exercise (MEX) has been shown to increase the concentration of renalase in the blood and to reduce renal function in humans. Moreover, such exercise was also reported to increase catecholamine levels.

Detection of Transgenes in Gene Delivery Model Mice by Adenoviral Vector Using ddPCR.

With the rapid progress of genetic engineering and gene therapy, the World Anti-Doping Agency has been alerted to gene doping and prohibited its use in sports. However, there is no standard method available yet for the detection of transgenes delivered by recombinant adenoviral (rAdV) vectors. Here, we aim to develop a detection method for transgenes delivered by rAdV vectors in a mouse model that mimics gene doping.

Influence of acute exercise on renalase and its regulatory mechanism.

Aims: Renalase expression in the kidneys and liver is regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Sp1, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The dynamics of renalase expression in acute exercise, and its mechanism and physiological effects are unclear. We evaluated the effect of different exercise intensities on renalase expression and examined its mechanism and physiological effects.