Involvement of sodium-glucose cotransporter-1 activities in maintaining oscillatory Cl currents from mouse submandibular acinar cells.

In salivary acinar cells, cholinergic stimulation induces elevations of cytosolic [Ca] to activate the apical exit of Cl through TMEM16A Cl channels, which acts as a driving force for fluid secretion. To sustain the Cl secretion, [Cl] must be maintained to levels that are greater than the electrochemical equilibrium mainly by Na-K-2Cl cotransporter-mediated Cl entry in basolateral membrane. Glucose transporters carry glucose into the cytoplasm, enabling the cells to produce ATP to maintain Cl and fluid secretion.

Developmental impairments of craniofacial bone and cartilage in transgenic mice expressing FGF10.

Mutations in a common extracellular domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-2 isoforms (type IIIb and IIIc) cause craniosynostosis syndrome and chondrodysplasia syndrome. FGF10, a major ligand for FGFR2-IIIb and FGFR1-IIIb, is a key participant in the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions required for morphogenetic events. FGF10 also regulates preadipocyte differentiation and early chondrogenesis in vitro, suggesting that FGF10-FGFR signaling may be involved in craniofacial skeletogenesis in vivo.

A Third Supernumerary Tooth Occurring in the Same Region: A Case Report.

The presence of a supernumerary tooth is one of the most common dental anomalies, and surgical treatment is often required to address this anomaly. Moreover, it may lead to malocclusion, and long-term follow-up is important to monitor its status. A 4-year-and-11-month-old boy was referred to our hospital for dental caries treatment.

Dental radiographic information of term newborn babies within the first month: Analyzing five radiographic cases along with physical attributes in Japan.

Background: Although dental radiography is a valuable tool for age estimation in forensic anthropology and odontology, very limited radiological data are available regarding tooth development in healthy newborn babies during the first month of life.

Aim: This study aimed to describe the radiological findings of tooth development in babies aged 0 days to 1 month.

Design: We analyzed the postmortem findings of five newborn babies with no known natural cause of death who had undergone autopsy, computed tomography (CT), and dental radiography.

Characterization of the unique oral microbiome of children with Down syndrome.

Down syndrome creates an abnormal oral environment, including susceptibility to periodontal disease at a young age, but there are no detailed studies of the oral microbiome in children with Down syndrome. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the oral bacteria of 40 children with Down syndrome and 40 non-Down syndrome children. Microbial DNA was extracted from dental plaque specimens and the V4 hypervariable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was analyzed using the MiSeq platform.

Three-year survey of oral hygiene conditions of Cambodian public primary school children.

Purpose: The purpose of this repeated cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of oral hygiene conditions in Cambodian primary school children.

Methods: Oral examinations were conducted on 2,020 school children (1st-6th grade) at a public primary school in Siem Reap, Cambodia from 2013 to 2015, focusing on plaque adhesion, gingiva, and dental calculus deposition. Data analysis was performed on 1,998 children without any missing data, and the chi-square test was used to compare the variables.

Management of bisphosphonate preparation-treated children in the field of pediatric dentistry.

Since most of the reports of BRONJ onset are adults, in order to clarify the current situation of BRONJ onset in children, it is necessary to search for articles and report on the current status and actual conditions of surgical treatment of children with BP preparations who are being followed up in our clinic. In previous reports both inside and outside Japan, there was no mention of jaw bone necrosis during tooth extraction or surgery in children who were receiving or had a history of BP administration. There were 15 children with a history of BP administration who manage the oral cavity in our clinic.

Quantitative Cell Subset Analysis Using Antibody Microarrays.

The expression patterns of surface antigens are associated with the differentiation status and functional characteristics of mammalian cells. To analyze the surface antigen expression pattern in a high-throughput manner, antibody microarrays have been developed by several groups, including ours. This analysis can be performed using cell-binding assays on microarrays; moreover, this approach has advantages over conventional flow cytometry (FCM).

Detecting the presence of supernumerary teeth during the early mixed dentition stage using deep learning algorithms: A pilot study.

Background: Supernumerary teeth are a common anomaly and are frequently observed in paediatric patients. To prevent or minimize complications, early diagnosis and treatment is ideal in children with supernumerary teeth.

Aim: This study aimed to apply convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning to detect the presence of supernumerary teeth in children during the early mixed dentition stage.

Active sites of human MEPE-ASARM regulating bone matrix mineralization.

The proteolytic fragment ASARM (acidic serine- and aspartate-rich motif) of MEPE (matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein) (MEPE-ASARM) may act as an endogenous anti-mineralization factor involved in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia (XLH). We synthesized MEPE-ASARM peptides and relevant peptide fragments with or without phosphorylated Ser residues (pSer) to determine the active site(s) of MEPE-ASARM in a rat calvaria cell culture model. None of the synthetic peptides elicited changes in cell death, proliferation or differentiation, but the peptide (pASARM) with three pSer residues inhibited mineralization without causing changes in gene expression of osteoblast markers tested.

The matrix vesicle cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, inhibiting bone resorption in mice.

Communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts plays a key role in bone metabolism. We describe here an unexpected role for matrix vesicles (MVs), which bud from bone-forming osteoblasts and have a well-established role in initiation of bone mineralization, in osteoclastogenesis. We show that the MV cargo miR-125b accumulates in the bone matrix, with increased accumulation in transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing miR-125b in osteoblasts.

An exploratory study of the factors related to mouth breathing syndrome in primary school children.

Objective: Mouth breathing syndrome (MBS) is defined as a set of signs and symptoms that may be completely or incompletely present in subjects who, for various reasons, replace the correct pattern of nasal breathing with an oral or mixed pattern. It is important to identify the relevant factors affecting MBS in order to diagnose its cause since breathing obstructions can result from multiple factors. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relevant factors and the interrelationships between factors affecting MBS among children.

Soluble Klotho causes hypomineralization in Klotho-deficient mice.

The type I transmembrane protein αKlotho (Klotho) serves as a coreceptor for the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in kidney, while a truncated form of Klotho (soluble Klotho, sKL) is thought to exhibit multiple activities, including acting as a hormone, but whose mode(s) of action in different organ systems remains to be fully elucidated. FGF23 is expressed primarily in osteoblasts/osteocytes and aberrantly high levels in the circulation acting via signaling through an FGF receptor (FGFR)-Klotho coreceptor complex cause renal phosphate wasting and osteomalacia. We assessed the effects of exogenously added sKL on osteoblasts and bone using Klotho-deficient () mice and cell and organ cultures.

Galectin-3 Plays an Important Role in Preterm Birth Caused by Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Dental infection is risk for preterm birth (PTB) through unclear mechanisms. We established a dental infection-induced PTB mouse model, in which Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.

Comparative proteome analysis of wild-type and klotho-knockout mouse kidneys using a combination of MALDI-IMS and LC-MS/MS.

Purpose: Mutation of the klotho gene in mice elicits a syndrome resembling accelerated human aging. However, there is limited evidence for the role of Klotho in the kidney. We conducted a comparative proteome analysis of wild-type (WT) and klotho-knockout (kl ) mouse kidneys to identify proteins involved in Klotho deficiency.

Role of MSX1 in Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) encodes a transcription factor implicated in embryonic development of limbs and craniofacial tissues including bone and teeth. Although MSX1 regulates osteoblast differentiation in the cranial bone of young animal, little is known about the contribution of MSX1 to the osteogenic potential of human cells. In the present study, we investigate the role of MSX1 in osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells isolated from deciduous teeth.

Dental Infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis Induces Preterm Birth in Mice.

Background: Epidemiological studies have revealed a link between dental infection and preterm birth or low birth weight (PTB/LBW), however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Progress in understanding the associated mechanisms has been limited in part by lack of an animal model for chronic infection-induced PTB/LBW, mimicking pregnancy under conditions of periodontitis. We aimed to establish a mouse model of chronic periodontitis in order to investigate the link between periodontitis and PTB/LBW.

Oral lactic acid bacteria related to the occurrence and/or progression of dental caries in Japanese preschool children.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), especially those classified into the genus Lactobacillus, is associated with the progression of dental caries in preschool children. Nevertheless, the kinds of species of LAB and the characteristics that are important for dental caries have been unclear. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate the distribution of oral LAB among Japanese preschool children with various prevalence levels of caries; and (2) to reveal the characteristics of these isolated LAB species.

Infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates endothelial injury in obese mice.

Background: A number of studies have revealed a link between chronic periodontitis and cardiovascular disease in obese patients. However, there is little information about the influence of periodontitis-associated bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), on pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in obesity.

Methods: In vivo experiment: C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow diet (CD), as a control.

Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in Japanese children.

Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA fimbriae have been classified into 6 genotypes (types I-V and Ib) based on the diversity of the fimA genes encoding the fimbrial subunits. We investigated the prevalence of fimA genotype in Japanese children. Dental plaque specimens were obtained from 400 subjects (age; 2 to 15 years), including 134 with healthy gingiva, 239 with gingivitis and 27 with periodontitis, and then analyzed by polymerase chain reaction.

The EP4-ERK-dependent pathway stimulates osteo-adipogenic progenitor proliferation resulting in increased adipogenesis in fetal rat calvaria cell cultures.

We previously reported that fetal rat calvaria (RC) cells are osteo-adipogenic bipotential and that PGE(2) receptors EP2 and EP4 are involved in bone nodule formation via both common and distinct MAPK pathways in RC cell cultures. Because PGE(2) participates in multiple biological processes including adipogenesis, it is of interest to determine the additional role(s) of PGE(2) in RC cells. PGE(2) increased the number of adipocyte colonies when RC cells were treated during proliferation but not other development stages.

Expression and function of variants of human catecholamine transporters lacking the fifth transmembrane region encoded by exon 6.

Background: The transporters for dopamine (DAT) and norepinephrine (NET) are members of the Na+- and Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6. There is a line of evidence that alternative splicing results in several isoforms of neurotransmitter transporters including NET. However, its relevance to the physiology and pathology of the neurotransmitter reuptake system has not been fully elucidated.

Late Established Mutans Streptococci in Children over 3 Years Old.

Acquisition of mutans streptococci has been reported to most commonly occur at approximately 26 months of age. In the present study, we detected Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays in children, then re-examined the subjects to determine the time of acquisition of these bacteria over a 1-year period.