HIV/AIDS knowledge level, awareness of public health centers and related factors: a cross-sectional study among Brazilians in Japan.

Background: Accurate information is essential so that HIV infection can be detected in time for initiation of HIV/AIDS treatment. Immigrants are at high risk for delayed HIV testing and diagnosis, but foreign residents in Japan also seem to face barriers to accessing HIV/AIDS care. We aimed to assess their knowledge level of HIV/AIDS and awareness of public health centers in Japan (PHCs), and to explore factors related to these items.

FUS-ERG induces late-onset azacitidine resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia cells.

FUS-ERG is a chimeric gene with a poor prognosis, found in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It remains unclear whether DNA hypomethylating agents, including azacitidine (Aza), are effective in FUS-ERG-harbouring AML and how FUS-ERG induces chemoresistance. Stable Ba/F3 transfectants with FUS-ERG were repeatedly exposed to Aza for 7 days of treatment and at 21-day intervals to investigate Aza sensitivity.

Rare monomorphic epithelial intestinal T-cell lymphoma of the stomach with a giant gastric perforation rescued by liver-covering sutures followed by a total gastrectomy and lateral hepatectomy: a case report.

Background: Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL), a type of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, rarely involves the stomach as the primary organ. Advanced MEITL, for which there is currently no established treatment, causes gastrointestinal perforations and is characterized by a poor response to chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man had undergone chemotherapy for MEITL of the whole stomach.

Acquired Coagulation Factor V Inhibitor That Was Successfully Treated with Oral Corticosteroid Therapy.

Acquired coagulation factor V (FV) inhibitors are rare disorders in which antibodies against FV develop under various conditions. We herein report the case of a 71-year-old woman with FV inhibitor during radiochemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Multiple purpuras suddenly appeared on her bilateral upper limbs with prolonged coagulation data (APTT 97.

[Immunohistochemical evaluation of BCL-2 expression in acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid sarcoma, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm].

Venetoclax, a selective BCL-2 inhibitor, is prescribed clinically for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment. However, it is unclear if known chromosomal or genetic abnormalities associated with AML also influence BCL-2 expression. Few studies have examined BCL-2 expression in AML-related precursor neoplasms such as primary myeloid sarcoma (MS) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).

A case of life-threatening small intestinal bleeding accompanied by lower coagulation factor XIII activity.

We report a case of life-threatening bleeding from the small intestine accompanied by lower coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) activity. A 43-year-old man was admitted because of continuous small intestinal bleeding. He had no family or past history of bleeding.

Diagnostic utility of programmed cell death ligand 1 (clone SP142) in mediastinal composite lymphoma: A report of two cases.

Composite lymphoma is a well-known diagnostic entity exhibiting the synchronous occurrence of two or more distinct types of lymphomas in the same specimen. Here we report two patients, a 14-year-old female (Case 1) and a 45-year-old male (Case 2), with mediastinal composite lymphoma, comprising nodular sclerosis classic Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) and primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL). Both patients had a mediastinal mass, and manifested two different histologic components in the same biopsy, one characteristic of NSCHL and the other PMBL.

Granisetron plus aprepitant versus granisetron in preventing nausea and vomiting during CHOP or R-CHOP regimen in malignant lymphoma: a retrospective study.

Background: Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) regimen includes a high dose of prednisolone (100 mg/body), which exhibits an anticancer and antiemetic effect. However, its optimal use for antiemetic therapy has not been established yet. We assessed the efficacy of granisetron plus aprepitant versus granisetron for CHOP or rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP) regimen-induced nausea and vomiting in malignant lymphoma.

Severe Colitis with Portal Venous Gas Caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli Infection.

We herein report a case of Brachyspira pilosicoli-caused severe colitis presenting with portal venous gas. A 75-year-old man was admitted because of a fever, severe abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. He was negative for anti-HIV antibodies.

LSD1-mediated repression of GFI1 super-enhancer plays an essential role in erythroleukemia.

Super-enhancers (SEs) consist of enhancer clusters with abundant binding of transcription factors (TFs) and cofactors. LSD1 is a histone modifier that eliminates SE activity. However, whether SE suppression by LSD1 is associated with leukemogenesis remains unknown.

Thiopurine-mediated impairment of hematopoietic stem and leukemia cells in Nudt15 knock-in mice.

Thiopurines are widely used as antileukemia agents and immunosuppressants. Recent large-scale clinical studies revealed a strong association between the NUDT15 p.Arg139Cys (NUDT15) polymorphism and severe thiopurine-induced leukocytopenia.

[Significance of monitoring cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts in managing central nervous system disease of acute myeloid leukemia in patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage upon initial examination].

A 17-year-old woman was urgently transported to our hospital due to consciousness disturbance. A blood examination revealed intracerebral hemorrhage, WBC 233,800/l, blasts 93%, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The results of bone-marrow aspiration indicated acute myeloid leukemia (M2 in FAB classification) with t (7;11) (p15;p15) and the resulting chimeric gene NUP98-HOXA9 and with FLT3-ITD.

A novel mutation causing type 1 Gaucher disease found in a Japanese patient with gastric cancer: A case report.

Rationale: Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive disorder that leads to multiorgan complications caused by β-glucocerebrosidase deficiency due to mutations in the β-glucocerebrosidase-encoding gene (GBA). GD morbidity in Japan is quite rare and clinical phenotype and gene mutation patterns of patients with GD in Japan and Western countries differ considerably. Of Japanese patients with GD, 57% develop types 2 or 3 GD with neurologic manifestations and younger onset, whereas only 6% of patients with GD develop those manifestations in Western countries.

Central nervous system involvement of acute promyelocytic leukemia, three case reports.

Central nervous system (CNS) involvement of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) causes poor prognosis. Our three cases show that CNS can be involved at the first hematological recurrence, but predicting this is difficult. Triple intrathecal treatment and craniospinal irradiation were effective, while arsenic oxide failed to prevent and improve CNS involvement.

Plasma presepsin level is an early diagnostic marker of severe febrile neutropenia in hematologic malignancy patients.

Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a common infectious complication in chemotherapy. The mortality of FN is higher in hematologic malignancy patients, and early diagnostic marker is needed. Presepsin is a prompt and specific marker for bacterial sepsis, but its efficacy in severe febrile neutropenia (FN) is not well confirmed.

Comparison of the gut microbial community between obese and lean peoples using 16S gene sequencing in a Japanese population.

Altered gut microbial ecology contributes to the development of metabolic diseases including obesity. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA sequence analysis of the gut microbiota profiles of obese and lean Japanese populations. The V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA of fecal samples from 10 obese and 10 lean volunteers were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq(TM)II system.

NUDT15 R139C-related thiopurine leukocytopenia is mediated by 6-thioguanine nucleotide-independent mechanism in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: NUDT15 R139C (rs116855232) is a recently identified genetic factor responsible for thiopurine-induced leukocytopenia and hair loss. In this study, we investigated the association of NUDT15 R139C with 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels and thiopurine-induced leukocytopenia in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Two hundred and sixty-four subjects (103 healthy volunteers and 161 IBD patients treated with thiopurines) were enrolled.

Analysis of bacteremia/fungemia and pneumonia accompanying acute myelogenous leukemia from 1987 to 2001 in the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group.

We analyzed the incidence and prognosis of bacteremia/fungemia and pneumonia during remission induction therapy of a newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group treated with individual protocols of AML-87/-89 (1987-1991), AML-92 (1992-1995), AML-95 (1995-1997), and AML-97 (1997-2001). Bacteremia/fungemia was present in 251 of 2585 cases (9.7%); the causative microorganism was gram-positive bacteria (GPB) in 122 cases (49%), gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in 90 cases (36%), fungi (F) in 31 cases (12%), and polymicrobes (P) in 8 cases (3%).

Management of infection in patients with acute leukemia during chemotherapy in Japan: questionnaire analysis by the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group.

Guidelines for the management of febrile neutropenia (FN), deep fungal infection or use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) published in the US and Europe cannot be directly applied in other countries. In this study, we undertook a questionnaire survey of member institutions of the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group to investigate the status of, and problems with, the management of infectious complications in patients with acute leukemia. The questionnaire consisted of 52 multiple-choice questions covering therapeutic environment, antibacterial, and antifungal prophylaxis, empirical therapy (ET) for FN, and use of G-CSF.

Lipoid pneumonia with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.

A case of lipoid pneumonia with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is reported. A 61-year-old man was autopsied after suffering from myelodysplastic syndrome (chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) for 13 years. Interstitial lesions of the lungs were suspected as infiltration of leukemia cells before the autopsy.

Wilms tumor gene WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy induced a minimal response in a patient with advanced therapy-resistant multiple myeloma.

The product of the Wilms tumor gene, WT1, is a universal tumor antigen. We performed WT1 peptide-based immunotherapy for a patient with multiple myeloma (MM). This patient was a 57-year-old woman with chemotherapy-resistant MM (Bence Jones kappa type).

Henoch-Schönlein purpura in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

We encountered an adult patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura. He had been infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy improved his nephritis, indicating that HIV infection might have contributed to the development of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in our case.