Infliximab Inhibits Colitis Associated Cancer in Model Mice by Downregulating Genes Associated with Mast Cells and Decreasing Their Accumulation.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, can be treated with anti TNF-alpha (TNF-α) antibodies (Abs), but they also put patients with IBDs at risk of cancer. We aimed to determine whether the anti TNF-α Ab induces colon cancer development in vitro and in vivo, and to identify the genes involved in colitis-associated cancer. We found that TNF-α (50 ng/mL) inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT8 and COLO205 colon cancer cell lines and that anti TNF-α Ab neutralized TNF-α inhibition in vitro.

Novel Potent ABCB1 Modulator, Phenethylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Reverses Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Cell.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which are concerned with the efflux of anticancer drugs from cancer cells, have a pivotal role in multidrug resistance (MDR). In particular, ABCB1 is a well-known ABC transporter that develops MDR in many cancer cells. Some ABCB1 modulators can reverse ABCB1-mediated MDR; however, no modulators with clinical efficacy have been approved.

Lymph nodes around the posterior gastric artery: their existence, frequency, and clinical implications.

Purpose: The lymphatic flow along the posterior gastric artery (PGA) is considered of possible clinical importance in terms of lymphatic metastasis; however, little is known about the lymph nodes (LNs) around this artery. The purpose of this study was to establish if LNs exist around the PGA and to evaluate their clinical implications.

Methods: We examined the tissues surrounding the PGA from 21 cadavers to search for LNs.

Oral rehydration solution normalizes plasma renin and aldosterone levels in patients with ulcerative colitis after proctocolectomy.

Objectives: The possible effects and benefits of oral rehydration solution (ORS) on chronic dehydration after total proctocolectomy.

Methods: To evaluate the effect of ORS on the renin-angiotensin system after remnant proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), we selected 20 patients after remnant proctocolectomy, ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis, and construction of a diverting ileostomy for UC. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, A (n=9) or B (n=11), 2 weeks after the surgery.

[Endoscopy-Assisted Partial Duodenal Resection for Duodenal Adenoma in a Patient with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis].

We here report a case of endoscopy-assisted partial duodenal resection for duodenal adenoma in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP). A male underwent total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis in 1997. Since 2004, duodenal adenomas occurred and the atypical grade of adenoma was gradually aggravated.

Synthetic Analogs of Curcumin Modulate the Function of Multidrug Resistance-Linked ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter ABCG2.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) caused by the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer cells is a major obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that curcumin, a natural product and a dietary constituent of turmeric, inhibits the function of MDR-related ABC transporters, including ABCB1, ABCC1, and especially ABCG2. However, the limited bioavailability of curcumin prevents its use for modulation of the function of these transporters in the clinical setting.

Frey's procedure for chronic pancreatitis improves the nutritional status of these patients.

Purpose: The aim of surgical intervention for chronic pancreatitis (CP) is to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life. However, the precise effect of surgery on the nutritional status of CP patients, which is often impaired by exocrine and endocrine pancreatic dysfunction, has not been elucidated. We conducted this study to evaluate whether Frey's procedure improves the nutritional status of CP patients.

Genotyping Analysis of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genes TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 in Japanese Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers.

Type-2 bitter-taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are important for the evaluation of food quality and the nutritional control in animals. Mutations in some TAS2Rs including TAS2R38 are known to increase susceptibility to various diseases. However, the involvement of TAS2Rs in cancers has not been well understood.

[Surgical Training Utilizing Swine Under General Anesthesia and Animal Ethics].

A cross-sectional study is conducted with primary residents attended wet labs at Tohoku University Hospital Advanced Medical Training Center in order to investigate the efficacy of the training, especially focused on the animal ethics. The 41 participants answered questionnaires in regard to non-technical skills, technical skills and ethics before and after the practice. To identify differences in each ethical question between 2 time points, Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used because the data was not normally distributed.

[A Case of Undifferentiated Carcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon That Responded to Paclitaxel and Carboplatin Chemotherapy].

We report a case of a 72-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with ovarian cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Systemic chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin(TC)was administered. Although a partial response(PR)was achieved after the 4 courses of TC, this regimen was discontinued due to severe adverse events.

[Total Pelvic Exenteration for Local Recurrence of Rectal Cancer Appearing 12 Years after Curative Operation--A Case Report].

A 49-year-old man had undergone Hartmann's operation for rectal cancer in August 2002. The disease stage (TNM 7th) was T3, N1, M0, Stage ⅢB. He was treated with UFT and Krestin for a year as adjuvant chemotherapy.

[A case of pathological complete response to lt. Lateral lymph node metastasis from lower rectal cancer by S-1 combined neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy].

A 54-year-old man presented with an enlarged left (lt) lateral lymph node (LLN), which was detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET-CT). Endoscopic examination of the colon revealed the presence of a type 1 tumor, 20mm in diameter, in the lower rectum; the tumor was diagnosed as a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma (tub1). The patient received combined neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT)with S- 1 for treatment of the rectal cancer and LLN metastasis (MP, T2N3M0, Stage IIIb).

Gastrointestinal toxicities of 5-fluorouracil increase the proportion of regulatory T cells in intestinal tract: advantages of alternate-day S-1 administration.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a core anticancer agent for malignancies, induces gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities. Despite recent advances in tumor immunology, it still remains unknown how GI toxicities affect antitumor immunity. S-1 is a tegafur-based oral 5-FU prodrug which has been widely introduced in Japan and other countries.

Usefulness of alternate-day administration of S-1 and leucovorin in a xenograft mouse model of colorectal cancer: a shorter drug-free interval leads to more efficient antitumor effects.

Background: A clinical trial of S-1 with leucovorin (S-1/LV) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients demonstrated promising efficacy; however, the gastrointestinal toxicities were so severe that it has not been applied in the clinical setting. On the other hand, alternate-day administration of S-1 has been proposed to attenuate the adverse events without reducing its anticancer activity. Our present study was conducted to confirm the feasibility of alternate-day administration of S-1/LV in in vivo xenograft tumor models.

[Therapeutic strategy for neuroendocrine tumor of the rectum].

The clinicopathological features of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the rectum were retrospectively analyzed in 25 patients( 17 men and 8 women; mean age, 57 years[ 30-78 years]) at Tohoku University Hospital from January 1998 to December 2012. The average diameter of 25 tumors was 15 mm (5-70 mm). Local resections and rectal resections with lymph node dissection were performed in 16 and 9 tumors, respectively.

The best surgical approach for perforated gastric cancer: one-stage vs. two-stage gastrectomy.

Background: Surgery for perforated gastric cancer has a dual purpose: treating life-threatening peritonitis and curing gastric cancer. An emergent one-stage gastrectomy may place an undue burden on patients with a poor general status and could impair long-term survival even if the gastric malignancy is curable. A two-stage gastrectomy, in which the initial treatment of peritonitis is followed by elective gastrectomy, can accomplish both desired purposes.

Duodenal switch for intractable reflux gastroesophagitis after proximal gastrectomy.

Reflux gastroesophagitis is a common postgastrectomy complication after proximal gastrectomy, and conservative treatments including protease inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors are effective in most patients. Here we report a patient with severe reflux gastroesophagitis after proximal gastrectomy, in whom surgical treatment of duodenal switch was effective. An 80-year-old man complained of intractable heartburn, anorexia, and body weight loss after having undergone proximal gastrectomy, with reconstruction by esophagogastrostomy with valvuloplasty and pyloroplasty, for early gastric cancer 14 months before referral to our department.

The effect of a total colectomy on the motor inhibition of the upper gut induced by intraileal stimuli in conscious dogs.

Purpose: The administration of stimuli to the ileum inhibits upper gastrointestinal motility. The aim of this study was to determine whether a total colectomy can alter this motor inhibitory effect.

Methods: Beagle dogs were each equipped with four strain gauge force transducers on the upper gastrointestinal tract.

The effect of growth hormone releasing peptide-2 on upper gastrointestinal contractile activity and food intake in conscious dogs.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP)-2, a synthetic ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, on upper gastrointestinal motility and food intake.

Methods: Five neurally intact dogs and five dogs with vagotomy and pyloroplasty were equipped with strain gauge force transducers on the stomach, duodenum and jejunum. GHRP-2 (0.

Role of alpha-2 adrenoceptors in regulation of giant migrating contractions and defecation in conscious dogs.

The aim was to investigate the effects of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine on colonic motility and defecation. The effects of yohimbine (0.5, 1.

Effect of calcium polycarbophil on bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: a randomized controlled trial.

The aim of the present study was to determine if calcium polycarbophil ameliorates diarrhea after ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis. Twenty-one randomized patients were given either bifidobacterium (3 g/day) plus calcium polycarbophil (3 g/day), in the polycarbophil group (11 patients), or bifidobacterium (3 g/day), in the control group (10 patients), p.o.

Role of selective arterial secretin injection test in treatment of gastrinoma.

Background/aims: To study whether use of the selective arterial secretin injection test increased the rate of tumor localization and curative resection in patients with gastrinoma.

Methodology: Nine patients with gastrinoma were divided into 2 groups, before and after introduction of selective arterial secretin injection test; 4 patients before 1987 (Group 1) and 5 patients after 1988 (Group 2). Clinical results were compared retrospectively between groups.

Factors affecting the bowel function after proctocolectomy and ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

The aim was to study determinants of postoperative bowel function after restorative proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis. Medical records of patients who underwent proctocolectomy with ileal J pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) in two- or three-stage operations and whose status of defecation was known via a questionnaire were retrospectively reviewed. Bowel function, including stool frequency, stool consistency, and degree of nighttime soiling, was correlated with age at the time of surgery, time after ileostomy closure, mean resting anal pressure, longitudinal length of ileal J pouch, and duration of fecal diversion by using univariate and multivariate analyses.