A mutation in DNA polymerase γ harbours a shortened lifespan and high sensitivity to mutagens in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa.

Hyphal elongation is the vegetative growth of filamentous fungi, and many species continuously elongate their hyphal tips over long periods. The details of the mechanisms for maintaining continuous growth are not yet clear. A novel short lifespan mutant of N.

A case report of an individual with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic lesions and rare MM2-cortical-type pathology.

Background: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is essential for diagnosing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Thalamic lesions are rarely detected by DWI in sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases with methionine homozygosity at polymorphic codon 129 (129MM) of the prion protein (PrP) gene. Here, we describe an unusual sCJD case, characterized by prolonged isolated thalamic diffusion hyperintensities and atypical brain pathology, in combination with the 129MM genotype.

A Retrospective Cohort Study of a Newly Proposed Criteria for Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Background/objectives: Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder traditionally diagnosed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria in 1998. Recently, Hermann et al. proposed updated diagnostic criteria incorporating advanced biomarkers to enhance early detection of sCJD.

Isolation and Characterization of High-Temperature-Tolerant Mutants of USDA110 by Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation.

Biofertilizers are promising technologies for achieving sustainable agriculture. However, high-temperature tolerance is a constraint that limits the function of microbial inoculants. To characterize the genetic changes responsible for the high-temperature tolerance of rhizobia, mutant screening was performed using USDA110.

Differential contributions of double-strand break repair pathways to DNA rearrangements following the irradiation of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings with ion beams.

DNA rearrangements, including inversions, translocations, and large insertions/deletions (indels), are crucial for crop evolution, domestication, and improvement. The rearrangements are frequently induced by ion beams via the mis-repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Unfortunately, how ion beam-induced DSBs are repaired has not been comprehensively analyzed and the mechanisms underlying DNA rearrangements remain unclear.

Evaluation and Limitations of the Novel Chemiluminescent Enzyme Immunoassay Technique for Measuring Total Tau Protein in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Human Prion Disease: A 10-Year Prospective Study (2011-2020).

Background: Recently, the investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for diagnosing human prion diseases (HPD) has garnered significant attention. Reproducibility and accuracy are paramount in biomarker research, particularly in the measurement of total tau (T-tau) protein, which is a crucial diagnostic marker. Given the global impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic, the frequency of measuring this protein using one of the world's fully automated assays, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEA), has increased.

Detection limitations of prion seeding activities in blood samples from patients with sporadic prion disease.

Background: Human prion diseases (HPDs) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by abnormal prion proteins (PrPSc). However, the detection of prion seeding activity in patients with high sensitivity remains challenging. Even though real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assay is suitable for detecting prion seeding activity in a variety of specimens, it shows lower accuracy when whole blood, blood plasma, and blood-contaminated tissue samples are used.

Proximity Estimation and Quantification of Ionizing Radiation-induced DNA Lesions in Aqueous Media using Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

Clustered DNA damage (cluster) or a multiply damaged site, which is a region with two or more lesions within one or two helical turns, has a high mutagenic potential and causes cell death. We quantified fluorophore-labeled lesions and estimated their proximity through fluorescence anisotropy measurements depending on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) among the fluorophores close to each other. pUC19 plasmid DNA (2,686 base pairs) dissolved in water or 0.

The transcription factor NRF1 (NFE2L1) activates aggrephagy by inducing p62 and GABARAPL1 after proteasome inhibition to maintain proteostasis.

The ubiquitin‒proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are the two primary cellular pathways of misfolded or damaged protein degradation that maintain cellular proteostasis. When the proteasome is dysfunctional, cells compensate for impaired protein clearance by activating aggrephagy, a type of selective autophagy, to eliminate ubiquitinated protein aggregates; however, the molecular mechanisms by which impaired proteasome function activates aggrephagy remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that activation of aggrephagy is transcriptionally induced by the transcription factor NRF1 (NFE2L1) in response to proteasome dysfunction.

Lethal and mutagenic effects of different LET radiations on Bacillus subtilis spores.

New, useful microorganism resources have been generated by ionizing radiation breeding technology. However, the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on microorganisms have not been systematically clarified. For a deeper understanding and characterization of ionizing radiation-induced mutations in microorganisms, we investigated the lethal effects of seven different linear energy transfer (LET) radiations based on the survival fraction (SF) and whole-genome sequencing analysis of the mutagenic effects of a dose resulting in an SF of around 1% in Bacillus subtilis spores.

Physiological importance and role of Mg in improving bacterial resistance to cesium.

Cesium (Cs) is an alkali metal with radioactive isotopes such as Cs and Cs. Cs, a product of uranium fission, has garnered attention as a radioactive contaminant. Radioactive contamination remediation using microorganisms has been the focus of numerous studies.

Comparative analysis of seed and seedling irradiation with gamma rays and carbon ions for mutation induction in Arabidopsis.

The molecular nature of mutations induced by ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens in plants is becoming clearer owing to the availability of high-throughput DNA sequencing technology. However, few studies have compared the induced mutations between different radiation qualities and between different irradiated materials with the same analysis method. To compare mutation induction between dry-seeds and seedlings irradiated with carbon ions and gamma rays in Arabidopsis, in this study we detected the mutations induced by seedling irradiation with gamma rays and analyzed the data together with data previously obtained for the other irradiation treatments.

Cerebral cortex swelling in V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: comparative imaging study between sporadic and V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the early stage.

The most common genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) in Japan is caused by a point mutation in which isoleucine replaces valine at codon 180 of the prion protein () gene (V180I gCJD). Evidence suggests that cerebral cortex swelling, which appears as abnormal hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), is a characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of V180I gCJD. However, no study has directly compared the MRI findings between V180I gCJD and sporadic CJD (sCJD).

Genetic Creutzfeldt‒Jakob disease with 5-octapeptide repeats presented as frontotemporal dementia.

The N-terminus of the PRNP gene normally contains a 5-octapeptide repeat (R1-R2-R2-R3-R4), and insertions at this locus can cause hereditary prion diseases. In the present study, we found a 5-octapeptide repeat insertion (5-OPRI) in a sibling case of frontotemporal dementia. Consistent with previous literature, 5-OPRI rarely met the diagnostic criteria for Creutzfeldt‒Jakob disease (CJD).

Stem Cell Therapy for Acute/Subacute Ischemic Stroke with a Focus on Intraarterial Stem Cell Transplantation: From Basic Research to Clinical Trials.

Stem cell therapy for ischemic stroke holds great promise for the treatment of neurological impairment and has moved from the laboratory into early clinical trials. The mechanism of action of stem cell therapy includes the bystander effect and cell replacement. The bystander effect plays an important role in the acute to subacute phase, and cell replacement plays an important role in the subacute to chronic phase.

Development of a simple multiple mutation detection system using seed-coat flavonoid pigments in irradiated Arabidopsis M plants.

Ionizing radiation induces genetic variations in plants, which makes it useful for plant breeding. A theory that the induced mutations occur randomly in the genome has long been accepted, but is now controversial. Nevertheless, a comparative analysis of the mutations at multiple loci has not been conducted using irradiated M genomes that contain all types of mutations.

Propagation of Diffusion-Weighted MRI Abnormalities in the Preclinical Stage of Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease.

Objectives: Currently, no established biomarkers exist for presymptomatic sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). The purpose of this study was to raise awareness about sCJD cases showing abnormalities on brain MRI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) before symptom onset and demonstrate temporal changes in DWI abnormalities during the preclinical period.

Methods: We described the clinical presentation including the results of MRI-performed multiple times in the preclinical period-and the diagnostic workup of a middle-aged man with sCJD.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Radioresistant Bacterium Deinococcus aetherius ST0316, Isolated from Air Dust Collected in the Lower Stratosphere above Japan.

Deinococcus aetherius ST0316 is a radioresistant bacterium that possess proficient DNA repair capacity. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of D. aetherius, which was obtained by hybrid assembly using short- and long-read sequencing.

Effects of carbon ion beam-induced mutagenesis for the screening of RED production-deficient mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor JCM4020.

Streptomyces lividans TK23 interacts with mycolic acid-containing bacteria (MACB), such as Tsukamurella pulmonis TP-B0596, and this direct cell contact activates its secondary metabolism (e.g., the production of undecylprodigiosin: RED).

Corrigendum: Novel Cesium Resistance Mechanism of Alkaliphilic Bacterium Isolated From Jumping Spider Ground Extract.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.

Early Diagnosis of V180I Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease at the Preserved Cognitive Function Stage.

We herein report a case of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) due to V180I mutation in the prion protein (PrP) gene diagnosed at a preserved cognitive function stage. Although neuropsychological tests revealed normal cognitive functions, increased signal intensity in the cerebral cortices with swelling on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prompted genetic testing for the PrP gene. This case suggests that cortical hyperintensity on DWI with swelling may be a useful finding of brain MRI for the diagnosis of V180I genetic CJD even at an extremely early stage, such as at the preserved cognitive function stage.

Specific electroencephalogram features in the very early phases of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Studies on the very early electroencephalography (EEG) features prior to the emergence of generalized periodic discharges (GPDs, generally known as periodic sharp-wave complexes) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are rare. Fourteen patients with sporadic CJD (sCJD) (eight with MM1/classic and six with MM2c) were included in this study. The predominant findings of the first EEG were categorized as 1) lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs), 2) central sagittal sporadic epileptiform discharges (CSSEDs) showing midline predominant generalized spike-and-wave complexes and/or sharp waves in the central sagittal regions, or 3) focal epileptiform discharges.