Contact between Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridia induces their division.

Mesocestoides vogae is a cestode of the order Cyclophyllidea, and its second intermediate hosts are mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. The parasite forms a tetrathyridium in the second intermediate host and multiplies asexually, sometimes to the point of filling the host's abdominal cavity. Proliferated tetrathyridium may cause lethal conditions in the host.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among small mammals in Tatarstan, Russian Federation.

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a wide host range that includes humans, domestic animals and wild animals. Small mammals serve as intermediate hosts for T. gondii and may contribute to the persistence of this parasite in the environment.

Spatial distribution of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody-positive wild boars in Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally wide-spread parasite that infects almost all species of mammals and birds, including humans. We studied the spatial distribution of individual T. gondii-seropositive wild boar in Gifu Prefecture (10,621 km), Japan.

Releasing latent Toxoplasma gondii cysts from host cells to the extracellular environment induces excystation.

Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, infects a wide variety of mammals and birds. Although T. gondii infects the brain and muscles in its latent cyst form containing bradyzoite stage parasites during chronic infection, when a chronically infected host becomes immunodeficient or is preyed upon by a predator, the latent cyst undergoes excystation.

Suppression of inflammatory genes expression in the injured host intestinal wall during Mesocestoides vogae tetrathyridium larvae migration.

Mesocestoides vogae is a cestode parasite of the family Mesocestoididae (order Cyclophyllidea). Its larvae, tetrathyridium, are approximately 1 mm long and 300 μm wide and infect a wide range of host species including humans. Tetrathyridium migrate through the intestinal wall to invade the peritoneal cavity.

Seroprevalence and B1 gene genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in farmed European mink in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects almost all species of mammals and birds, including fur-bearing animals. However, the prevalence of T. gondii among Russian fur-bearing animals is unknown.

Native SAG1 in Toxoplasma gondii lysates is superior to recombinant SAG1 for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infections in chickens.

Toxoplasma gondii can infect almost all mammals and birds, including chickens. The aim of this study was to identify an appropriate immunogenic antigen for serodiagnosis of T. gondii infections in chickens.

A case of pulmonary toxoplasmosis resembling multiple lung metastases of nasal lymphoma in a cat receiving chemotherapy.

An 11-year-old cat presented with nasal discharge and lacrimation and was diagnosed with nasal lymphoma. Although the cat showed favorable progression after undergoing chemotherapy, CT imaging demonstrated enlarged pulmonary nodules caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Following the cessation of chemotherapy, the cat was prescribed clindamycin hydrochloride for toxoplasmosis treatment; however, the cat developed kidney lymphoma and died.

Phenotypic analysis of mice xenografted with canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cells.

Background: In canine epitheliotropic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (ECTCL), neoplastic cells cause skin lesions and potentially metastasize to lymph nodes, blood and other organs. Murine models are potentially valuable for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulation of ECTCL cell migration.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe a phenotype of mice xenografted with canine ECTCL cells (EO-1 cells).

Atypical virulence in a type III Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated in Japan.

The virulence of a type III Toxoplasma gondii strain isolated in Japan and designated here as TgCatJpGi1/TaJ was examined in mice and micro minipigs in this study. Despite its type III genotype, oral or intraperitoneal inoculation of cysts from it resulted in severe virulence in C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice. In contrast, mice inoculated with a high dose of TgCatJpGi1/TaJ tachyzoites showed no obvious clinical signs of infection, and all of them survived for >21 days post-inoculation.

Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in goats, cats and humans in Russia.

Toxoplasmosis, a most common zoonosis, is caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. However, there is little epidemiological information on T. gondii infections in humans and livestock animals in Russia.

Adhesion of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite-infected vehicle leukocytes to capillary endothelial cells triggers timely parasite egression.

Intracellular pathogens have numerous strategies for effective dissemination within the host. Many intracellular pathogens first infect leukocytes, which they use as a vehicle to transport them to target organs. Once at the target organ, intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii can cross the capillary wall in extracellular form by infecting endothelial cells.

Heartworm extract induces relaxation of isolated rat thoracic aorta.

Isolated rat thoracic aortic strips undergoing noradrenaline-induced contraction were treated with an adult heartworm (HW) crude extract and then examined for isometric changes in tension. HW extract caused relaxation of endothelium-intact strips, but not endothelium-denuded strips. This effect was inhibited by treatment with N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and could be reversed by additional treatment with L-arginine.

In vitro canine platelet aggregation caused by Dirofilaria immitis extract.

Platelet function hyper-activity has been reported in Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm, HW)-infected dogs. Although the mechanism of increased platelet hyper-activity has not yet been elucidated, it is suggested to be mediated by unknown factors, which may be related to adult HW components. This study aims to determine whether adult male HW whole body extract induces canine platelet aggregation in vitro.

Theileria annulata seroprevalence among different cattle breeds in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.

An epidemiological survey of Theileria annulata infection was undertaken in a cattle population in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh. The local cattle breeds from the area (North Bengal Gray and Deshi) and crosses between the local breeds and Holstein cattle were predominantly screened. In total, 192 cattle serum samples were collected in two areas of Rajshahi Division, the Rajshahi District (n=147) and Natore District (n=45).

Removal of extracellular Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites from suspended cell culture.

Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, actively invade a broad spectrum of cell types. T. gondii infects leukocytes and spreads to distant organs such as the brain, lungs and muscles.

Prevalence and dynamics of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in kids born from naturally infected goats.

We investigated the presence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in domesticated goats intended for human consumption in a rural suburb of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Antibodies to T. gondii were found in 55.

The distribution pattern of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids affects host cell preference in Toxoplasma gondii.

Tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, actively invade almost all types of nucleated cells. However, T. gondii tachyzoites preferentially infect particular types of animal tissue cells.

Generation of monoclonal autoantibodies from Babesia rodhaini-infected mice.

The presence of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies in animals infected with various Babesia species is well reported. However, the pathogenesis of autoantibodies in babesiosis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that anti-erythrocyte immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG were present in B.

Age-specificity of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep, goats and cattle on subsistence farms in Bangladesh.

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects humans and domestic animals. In this study, the seroprevalence of T. gondii antibodies was investigated using serum samples collected from 83 sheep, 146 goats and 37 cattle from a dozen subsistence farms in Bangladesh.

CD44 mediated hyaluronan adhesion of Toxoplasma gondii-infected leukocytes.

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects humans and animals. Ingested parasites cross the intestinal epithelium, invade leukocytes and are then disseminated to peripheral organs. However, the mechanism of extravasation of the infected leukocytes remains poorly understood.

Prevalence and dynamics of antibodies against NcSAG1 and NcGRA7 antigens of Neospora caninum in cattle during the gestation period.

Bovine abortion caused by the Apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum is a major economic problem in the livestock industry worldwide. Our study measured the prevalence and temporal changes in levels of antibodies specific for two N. caninum derived antigens, NcSAG1 and NcGRA7, to determine an appropriate strategy for serodiagnosis.