Association of the Glasgow Coma Scale with the Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Thyroid Storm.

Objective The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is widely used to assess the levels of consciousness. This study examined whether or not the initial GCS score could be a marker of the length of hospital stay (LOS) in patients with thyroid storm. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 29 patients with thyroid storm in our hospital between January 2010 and December 2023.

Effect of bridgmanite-ferropericlase grain size evolution on Earth's average mantle viscosity: implications for mantle convection in early and present-day Earth.

Recent experimental investigations of grain size evolution in bridgmanite-ferropericlase assemblages have suggested very slow growth for these bimodal phases. Despite numerous speculations on grain size-dependent viscosity, a comprehensive test with realistic grain size evolution parameters compatible with the lower mantle has been lacking. In this study, we develop self-consistent 2-D spherical half-annulus geodynamic models of Earth's evolution using the finite volume code StagYY to assess the role of grain size on lower mantle viscosity.

Family events and child behavior in late childhood: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Children's social behavior develops through diverse experiences. However, the relationship between children's experiences of celebratory events and their behavioral development has not been previously quantified. Therefore, this study aimed to quantitatively explore this relationship.

Association between parents' perceived social support and children's psychological adjustment: a cross-sectional study.

Background: This study examined the relationship between parents' perceived social support and their children's psychological adjustment.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 52 kindergartens and 78 preschools in Nagoya, Aichi, a major metropolitan area in Japan. Parents of eighth-grade children aged 13-14 years (N = 1,195) completed a questionnaire.

Thermal Equation of State of Cubic Silicon Carbide at High Pressures.

We have performed in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of cubic silicon carbide (SiC) with a zinc-blende crystal structure (B3) at high pressures and temperatures using multi-anvil apparatus. The ambient volume inferred from the compression curves is smaller than that of the starting material. Using the 3-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state and the Mie-Grüneisen-Debye model, we have determined the thermoelastic parameters of the B3-SiC to be K=228±3 GPa, K',=4.

Crystal chemistry and compressibility of FeMgAlSiO and FeMgSiO silicate perovskites at pressures up to 95 GPa.

Silicate perovskite, with the mineral name bridgmanite, is the most abundant mineral in the Earth's lower mantle. We investigated crystal structures and equations of state of two perovskite-type Fe-rich phases, FeMgSiO and FeMgAlSiO, at high pressures, employing single-crystal X-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy. We solved their crystal structures at high pressures and found that the FeMgSiO phase adopts a novel monoclinic double-perovskite structure with the space group of at pressures above 12 GPa, whereas the FeMgAlSiO phase adopts an orthorhombic perovskite structure with the space group of at pressures above 8 GPa.

Genetic aspects of immunoglobulins and cyclophilin A in milk as potential indicators of mastitis resistance in Holstein cows.

Mastitis is one of the most frequent and costly diseases affecting dairy cattle. Natural antibodies (immunoglobulins) and cyclophilin A (CyPA), the most abundant member of the family of peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerases, in milk may serve as indicators of mastitis resistance in dairy cattle. However, genetic information for CyPA is not available, and knowledge on the genetic and nongenetic relationships between these immune-related traits and somatic cell score (SCS) and milk yield in dairy cattle is sparse.

Toughening oxide glasses through paracrystallization.

Glasses, unlike crystals, are intrinsically brittle due to the absence of microstructure-controlled toughening, creating fundamental constraints for their technological applications. Consequently, strategies for toughening glasses without compromising their other advantageous properties have been long sought after but elusive. Here we report exceptional toughening in oxide glasses via paracrystallization, using aluminosilicate glass as an example.

Parental support for physical activity and children's physical activities: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Physical activity (PA) in school-aged children is imperative for physical and mental development. However, there has been reduced PA among children in recent years owing to environmental changes, resulting in declining physical strength and athletic ability. Although parents' and children's PA has been found to be correlated, the specific parental caregiving attitudes associated with children's actual levels of PA during school-age years remain unknown.

Variation in bridgmanite grain size accounts for the mid-mantle viscosity jump.

A viscosity jump of one to two orders of magnitude in the lower mantle of Earth at 800-1,200-km depth is inferred from geoid inversions and slab-subducting speeds. This jump is known as the mid-mantle viscosity jump. The mid-mantle viscosity jump is a key component of lower-mantle dynamics and evolution because it decelerates slab subduction, accelerates plume ascent and inhibits chemical mixing.

Attenuation of phenobarbital-induced cytochrome P450 expression in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatitis in mice models.

Certain pathological conditions, such as inflammation, are known to affect basal cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression by modulating transcriptional regulation, and the pharmacokinetics of drugs can vary among patients. However, changes in drug-induced CYP expression under pathological conditions have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we investigated the effects of hepatic inflammation and injury on phenobarbital-induced expression of CYP isoforms in mice.

Superhydrous aluminous silica phases as major water hosts in high-temperature lower mantle.

Water transported by subducted oceanic plates changes mineral and rock properties at high pressures and temperatures, affecting the dynamics and evolution of the Earth's interior. Although geochemical observations imply that water should be stored in the lower mantle, the limited amounts of water incorporation in pyrolitic lower-mantle minerals suggest that water in the lower mantle may be stored in the basaltic fragments of subducted slabs. Here, we performed multianvil experiments to investigate the stability and water solubility of aluminous stishovite and CaCl-structured silica, referred to as poststishovite, in the SiO-AlO-HO systems at 24 to 28 GPa and 1,000 to 2,000 °C, representing the pressure-temperature conditions of cold subducting slabs to hot upwelling plumes in the top lower mantle.

Changes in the expression of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis.

1. We investigated the changes in the expression of drug-metabolising enzymes and drug transporters in the liver, small intestine and kidney of mice with collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) to determine whether changes in these expressions affect pharmacokinetics of drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.2.

Novel Class of Rhenium Borides Based on Hexagonal Boron Networks Interconnected by Short B Dumbbells.

Transition metal borides are known due to their attractive mechanical, electronic, refractive, and other properties. A new class of rhenium borides was identified by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells between 26 and 75 GPa. Recoverable to ambient conditions, compounds rhenium triboride (ReB) and rhenium tetraboride (ReB) consist of close-packed single layers of rhenium atoms alternating with boron networks built from puckered hexagonal layers, which link short bonded (∼1.

[Decreased Serum Copper Concentrations by Zinc Administration in Preterm Infants with Hypozincemia Are Associated with a Lower Postmenstrual Age: A Single-center Retrospective Observational Study].

Copper is one of the essential trace elements in humans, and its deficiency causes various diseases. Zinc acetate dihydrate is administered to treat hypozincemia in preterm infants; however, zinc inhibits the gastrointestinal absorption of copper, which may cause copper deficiency. To safely treat hypozincemia in preterm infants, we retrospectively analyzed the factors reducing serum copper concentrations when zinc is administered to preterm infants with hypozincemia.

Experience of annual events in the family and social adjustment of school-age children.

Background: Parent-child relationships, the rearing attitudes of parents toward their children as well as the interactive relationships, such as play and cultural activities that parents and children enjoy together, serve as important factors in predicting a child's growth and development. These experiences of annual events celebrated with the family may be related to the school-age child's development. However, this relationship has not been investigated sufficiently.

Extreme conditions research using the large-volume press at the P61B endstation, PETRA III.

Penetrating, high-energy synchrotron X-rays are in strong demand, particularly for high-pressure research in physics, chemistry and geosciences, and for materials engineering research under less extreme conditions. A new high-energy wiggler beamline P61 has been constructed to meet this need at PETRA III in Hamburg, Germany. The first part of the paper offers an overview of the beamline front-end components and beam characteristics.

Depressed 660-km discontinuity caused by akimotoite-bridgmanite transition.

The 660-kilometre seismic discontinuity is the boundary between the Earth's lower mantle and transition zone and is commonly interpreted as being due to the dissociation of ringwoodite to bridgmanite plus ferropericlase (post-spinel transition). A distinct feature of the 660-kilometre discontinuity is its depression to 750 kilometres beneath subduction zones. However, in situ X-ray diffraction studies using multi-anvil techniques have demonstrated negative but gentle Clapeyron slopes (that is,  the ratio between pressure and temperature changes) of the post-spinel transition that do not allow a significant depression.

Administration of zinc to preterm infants with hypozincemia does not reduce serum copper concentrations in most cases: a single-center retrospective observational study.

Background: Zinc is an essential trace element involved in various physiological functions. In Japan, zinc acetate dihydrate is administered to neonates and infants with hypozincemia. Since serum copper concentrations are reduced by the administration of zinc, we retrospectively investigated changes in serum zinc and copper concentrations in preterm infants with hypozincemia receiving zinc acetate dihydrate.

A simplified rapid-quench multi-anvil technique.

We report a new rapid-quench technique for the Kawai-type multi-anvil press: several important improvements were made to our previous design. As a result, we are able to routinely quench melts with low glass-forming ability and form glasses. Owing to the use of 3D-printed parts to supply the coolant, the new design is easier to assemble and demonstrates better temperature stability and cooling rate.

Synthesis of paracrystalline diamond.

Solids in nature can be generally classified into crystalline and non-crystalline states, depending on whether long-range lattice periodicity is present in the material. The differentiation of the two states, however, could face fundamental challenges if the degree of long-range order in crystals is significantly reduced. Here we report a paracrystalline state of diamond that is distinct from either crystalline or amorphous diamond.

Variation in Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates.

The CYP3A subfamily, which includes isoforms CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 in humans, plays important roles in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous substances. Gene and protein expression of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 show large inter-individual differences, which are caused by many endogenous and exogenous factors. Inter-individual differences can cause negative outcomes, such as adverse drug events and disease development.