Heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Shinshu N-07 exerts antiobesity effects in western diet-induced obese mice.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiobesity effects of heat-killed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Shinshu N-07 (N-07) isolated from fermented Brassica rapa L.

Methods And Results: Male mice were divided into three groups (n = 10/group); normal diet, western diet (WD), or WD + N-07 (N-07) group and administered each diet for 56 days. The N-07 group showed significant suppression of body weight gain and epididymal fat, perirenal fat, and liver weights compared with the WD group.

Characterization and anti-tumor activities of polysaccharide isolated from Brassica rapa L. via activation of macrophages through TLR2-and TLR4-Dependent pathways.

We have previously shown the immunostimulatory effects by Nozawana (Brassica rapa L.). In this report, we determined the characteristics of Nozawana polysaccharide (NPS) and evaluated the immunomodulatory effects and anti-tumor activity of NPS mediated by macrophage activation.

Oral administration of procyanidin B2 3,3"-di-O-gallate ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through immunosuppressive effects on CD4 T cells by regulating glycolysis.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system caused by the excessive activation of T cells. Procyanidins are polyphenols that exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) gallate [specifically, PCB2 3,3″-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG)] inhibits cytokine production in T cells by suppressing the acceleration of glycolysis.

Brassica rapa L. prevents Western diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice through its binding capacity of cholesterol and fat.

Obesity, a chronic disorder caused by excessive energy intake leading to fat accumulation in adipose tissue, increases the risk of severe diseases. Brassica rapa L. is known as a traditional vegetable in the Nagano area of Japan.

Procyanidin B2 3,3''-di-O-gallate ameliorates imiquimod-induced skin inflammation by suppressing TLR7 signaling through the inhibition of endosomal acidification in dendritic cells.

The excessive activation of abnormal T helper 17 (Th17) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in the dermis and epidermis causes severe inflammation of the skin. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-located in the endosomes of DCs-recognizes nucleic acids from pathogens as well as imiquimod (IMQ), which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of skin inflammation. Procyanidin B2 3,3''-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG), a polyphenol, has been reported to suppress the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines from T cells.

Procyanidin B2 3,3″-di-O-gallate suppresses IFN-γ production in murine CD4 T cells through the regulation of glutamine influx via direct interaction with ASCT2.

Excessive activation of CD4 T cells increases cytokine production substantially and induces immune-mediated diseases. Procyanidins are polyphenols with anti-inflammatory properties. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) gallate [specifically, PCB2 3,3''-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG)] inhibits cytokine production through the suppression of glycolysis via mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in T cells.

Dietary Supplementation with Fermented L. Stimulates Defecation Accompanying Change in Colonic Bacterial Community Structure.

Our previous studies have elucidated that oral administration of L. extract, known as Nozawana in Japan, alters immune responses and gut microbiota composition, increasing the numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, further investigation would help elucidate the mechanism attributable for the changes and health-promoting effects observed after L.

Brassica rapa L. activates macrophages via Toll-like receptors.

Macrophages can initiate innate immune responses against microbes and cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of Brassica rapa L. on macrophages.

The suppression of IL-17 production from T cells by gallate-type procyanidin is mediated by selectively inhibiting cytokine production from dendritic cells.

Abnormal T helper 17 (Th17) responses promote inflammation and cause inflammatory diseases. Natural components that modulate Th17 functions can be effective for the amelioration of inflammatory diseases. Procyanidin B2 3,3''-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG) contained in grape seeds markedly suppressed interleukin (IL)-17 production from spleen cells but not CD4 T cells.

Procyanidin B2 gallate regulates TNF-α production from T cells through inhibiting glycolytic activity via mTOR-HIF-1 pathway.

Procyanidins are polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory properties. Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) gallate; specifically, PCB2 3,3″-di-O-gallate (PCB2DG), inhibits cytokine production in T cells. However, the molecular interactions and partners of PCB2DG underlying this suppression of cytokine production are unclear.

MicroRNA 16-5p is upregulated in calorie-restricted mice and modulates inflammatory cytokines of macrophages.

Caloric restriction (CR) has long been known to increase median and maximal lifespans and to decrease mortality and morbidity in short-lived animal models, likely by altering fundamental biological processes that regulate aging and longevity. However, the detailed mechanisms of immunomodulation by CR remain unclear. In this study, we established a mouse model for CR and analyzed the changes of immune cells in these mice.

Isolation of a novel alkaline-induced laccase from Flammulina velutipes and its application for hair coloring.

Laccase is a member of the multi-copper oxidase family and a promising for hair coloring. In this study, we isolated a novel alkaline-induced laccase from the white-rot fungus Flammulina velutipes and studied the possibility to apply the enzyme for hair coloring. Laccase activity detected in the culture supernatant of F.