[A case of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy that is difficult to differentiate from Wernicke encephalopathy].

Herein, we present the case of a 76-year-old man diagnosed with an iliopsoas abscess 3 months prior and consequently administered metronidazole. The patient visited our facility complaining of difficulty in speaking and feeling unsteady when walking. Neurological findings showed dysarthria, nystagmus, and bilateral cerebellar ataxia.

Adult acetonemic vomiting complicated with low body weight in a subject with complex pulmonary disease: a case report.

Pulmonary diseases often cause significant health issues and nutritional disorders. Weight loss and malnutrition are related to the severity of obstructive disorders. Therefore, patients with such conditions often experience low nutritional energy.

A novel method to measure sensory nerve conduction of the posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve.

Introduction/aims: Posterior antebrachial cutaneous (PABC) nerve conduction studies could be useful for distinguishing PABC neuropathy from C7 radiculopathy. In the conventional method using an antidromic method, the sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) is sometimes followed by a large volume-conducted motor potential. In this report we describe a reliable nerve conduction study using an orthodromic method for recording SNAPs of the PABC nerve.

Case Report: A Patient With Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, Water Intoxication and Hyponatremia Associated With Severe Cerebral Edema and Coma.

Background: Water intoxication is typically caused by primary or psychogenic polydipsia that potentially may lead to fatal disturbance in brain functions. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious complication induced by administration of antipsychotics and other psychotropic drugs. The combination of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIDAH), NMS and rhabdomyolysis have been rarely reported.

Anatomical variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve: A detailed electrophysiological study.

Introduction: In this study we evaluated anatomic variations of the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve (DBUN) electrophysiologically.

Methods: Antidromic nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the SBRN and DBUN were performed on healthy individuals. To identify individual responses from the distal branches of the SBRN and DBUN, sensory nerve action potentials of each finger (lateral side/medial side) were recorded.

[Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus Associated with Theophylline: A Case Report].

An 87-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of speech disturbance and right facio-pharyngo-glosso-masticatory diplegia. She had bronchial asthma, was previously diagnosed with cerebral infarction, had experienced two events of convulsive status epilepticus, and was undergoing treatment with theophylline, levetiracetam, and clopidogrel. Head diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high-signal area in the left crus posterior capsula interna.

Pyogenic psoas abscess on the dorsal side, and bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess on the ventral side, both of which were induced by spontaneous discitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus: A case report.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients are immunocompromised, particularly under poorly controlled conditions, and thereby they could develop rare inflammatory diseases, such as spontaneous discitis, pyogenic psoas abscess, spinal epidural abscess and bacterial meningitis. Herein we report a pyogenic psoas abscess on the dorsal side, and bacterial meningitis and spinal epidural abscess on the ventral side, both of which were induced by spontaneous discitis in a patient with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. This case was very rare and interesting, because we successfully treated various infections with antibiotics over a long period of time, complicated by hyperglycemic crises, although the patient suffered severe bone destruction and required rehabilitation for a long time.

Relationship between the Diabetic Polyneuropathy Index and the Neurological Findings of Diabetic Polyneuropathy.

Objective To achieve an accurate quantification in diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), we developed a new electrophysiological index that we called the DPN index. The relationship between the DPN index and the neurological findings in diabetic patients was assessed. Methods The DPN index was calculated by the mean value of percentages of four parameters (tibial compound muscle action potential amplitude / F wave minimum latency, sural sensory nerve action potential amplitude / sensory nerve conduction velocity) against the mean normal values.

Influence of placement sites of the active recording electrode on CMAP configuration in the trapezius muscle.

Objective: We investigated how the active electrode placement site influences compound muscle action potential (CMAP) configuration of the upper trapezius muscle (TM).

Methods: A nerve conduction study of the accessory nerve was performed, and the CMAPs obtained with two different placement sites, i.e.

A case of anti-MOG antibody-positive unilaterally dominant meningoencephalitis followed by longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis.

Background: There are few reports of anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-positive, unilaterally dominant cerebral cortical encephalitis onset with epilepsy. We present such a case in a young female patient with myelitis.

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female developed generalized tonic seizures lasting several minutes.

A new technique for dorsal sural nerve conduction study with surface strip electrodes.

Objective: To obtain higher amplitude of dorsal sural sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs), we used a new method for dorsal sural nerve conduction study with surface strip electrodes (SSEs).

Methods: Dorsal sural SNAPs were recorded orthodromically. The recording electrodes were placed behind the lateral malleolus.

Variations in the distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve.

Introduction: We evaluated anatomic variations of distal branches of the superficial fibular sensory nerve electrophysiologically.

Methods: Orthodromic nerve conduction studies (NCS) of the first and third branches (M-I, M-III) of the medial dorsal cutaneous nerve and the fourth and fifth branches (I-IV, I-V) of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN) were performed. To find anomalous innervations from the dorsal sural nerve (DSN) in the IDCN territory, NCS of the fourth and fifth branches (S-IV, S-V) of the DSN were also performed.

[Neurophysiology of Vasculitic Peripheral Neuropathy].

Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) are essential to the work up of peripheral neuropathy. NCSs are useful in vasculitic neuropathy because they can serve as a guide in the nerve biopsy, as well as detect asymptomatic vasculitic neuropathy. NCSs characteristically show axonal loss of motor and sensory fibers with asymmetric or non-length-dependent patterns.

Whole plantar nerve conduction study with disposable strip electrodes.

Introduction: A new method to evaluate whole plantar nerve conduction with disposable strip electrodes (DSEs) is described.

Methods: Whole plantar compound nerve action potentials (CNAPs) were recorded at the ankle. DSEs were attached to the sole for simultaneous stimulation of medial and lateral plantar nerves.

A novel method to measure sensory nerve conduction of the supraclavicular nerve.

Introduction: In this report we describe a reliable method for recording sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the supraclavicular nerve.

Methods: Supraclavicular SNAPs were recorded by placing a surface active electrode at the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at a distance of 6 cm from the sternoclavicular joint. The nerve was stimulated at the lower border of the clavicle 4.

Unilateral calf hypertrophy and focal myositis induced by S1 radiculopathy: dramatic response to steroid treatment.

Unilateral enlargement of the calf in a 57-year-old man with S1 radiculopathy is described in this case report. Short tau inversion recovery-weighted imaging provided evidence of selective hypertrophy and a high signal intensity of the gastrocnemius and soleus. Histopathological analysis of the gastrocnemius revealed an endomysial inflammatory infiltrate and marked denervation lesions.

[Acute fulminant brachial plexopathy with good recovery: electrophysiological features].

We report a case of fulminant brachial plexopathy with radicular involvement. A 25-year-old man developed acute total monoplegia in the left upper limb. Needle electromyography showed extensive acute denervation in the C5-T1 spinal segments, and peripheral sensory nerve conduction was normal, mimicking a pre-ganglionic lesion.

Origin of far-field potentials in the ulnar compound muscle action potential.

Introduction: The compound muscle action potential (CMAP) following ulnar nerve stimulation receives a considerable contribution from far-field potentials (FFPs), although their origin is not entirely clear. We investigated this issue using voluntary contractions.

Methods: In 7 control subjects, we placed multiple recording electrodes over the motor points of ulnar-innervated muscles.

Dramatic response of dropped head sign to treatment with steroid in Parkinson's disease: report of three cases.

Neck dystonia is the most common cause of dropped head sign in parkinsonism. Isolated neck extensor myopathy, which is a rare condition, can also cause dropped head sign in parkinsonism, but no improvement has been achieved with immunosuppressive therapy. We report three cases of treatable neck extensor myopathy causing dropped head sign in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Intraoperative on-nerve nerve conduction study and conversion factor in the sural nerve.

To determine the conversion factor (CF) of the sural nerve the correlation between the maximum nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and the diameter of the largest fibers was studied in 30 patients suspected of having neuropathy. Sensory nerve action potentials were obtained by on-nerve needle nerve conduction study using needle electrodes placed on the exposed sural nerve during biopsy. The CF was 4.

Pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia as a sign of overlapping myasthenia gravis in a patient with 'intractable' hypothyroidism.

We describe a 52-year-old man with a history of increasing fatigability and gait disturbances that were first attributed to hypothyroidism. On examination, he had bilateral pseudo-internuclear ophthalmoplegia with weakness of adduction and abducting nystagmus. Convergence was also impaired and he showed proximal weakness of the limb.

[A case of Castleman disease accompanying neuropathy only detected by S-SEP in the tibial nerve].

A 77-year-old woman was admitted with a chief complaint of tingling sensation in the both feet, which gradually developed just after the diagnosis of Castleman disease was made. Neurological examination showed mild weakness in the neck and pelvic girdle muscles, and sensory impairment affecting all modalities in the lower legs. Although these neurological findings suggest a diagnosis of neuropathy, nerve conduction studies (NCS) and F-wave disclosed no abnormalities.