Chronic subdural hematoma associated with moyamoya disease.

Chronic subdural hematomas (SDHs) associated with non-operated moyamoya disease are extremely rare. A 68-year-old woman underwent burr-hole surgery for a right SDH, which resolved completely. On day 3, however, the patient suffered cerebral infarction in the right parietal lobe.

Recanalization of a large supraclinoid carotid aneurysm via elicited vertebral artery-internal carotid artery anastomosis: a case report.

Proximal ligation of the internal carotid artery (ICA) with high-flow bypass is one of the surgical strategies for treating large, unclippable ICA aneurysms. We encountered a rare case of recanalization of a large ICA aneurysm that disappeared after high-flow bypass surgery, and subsequently reappeared via an elicited vertebral artery (VA)-ICA anastomosis (anastomosis between the anterior meningeal artery branching from the right VA, and the ascending pharyngeal artery branching (APA) from the right ICA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing angiographical recurrence of a large ICA aneurysm after the surgery.

Treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension with intravenous Factor XIII administration: initial clinical experience.

Aim: Coagulation Factor XIII plays an important role in wound healing by stabilizing the fibrin clot. We hypothesized that Factor XIII administration might promote the repair of cerebrospinal fluid leak sites and lead to resolution of the orthostatic headache in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of intravenous Factor XIII administration in SIH patients.

Hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy for ischemic stroke.

Numerous studies on hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy (DC) for severe traumatic brain injury have been reported, whereas there have been only two reports on DC for hemispheric cerebral infarction. Here, we present the clinical details of 23 patients who underwent DC for hemispheric cerebral infarction and the incidence of hydrocephalus following DC. Of the 23 patients, 13 were male and 10 were female, with an age range from 34 to 75 years (mean, 60.

A suitable formula for estimating the volume gained by decompressive craniectomy in malignant hemispheric infarction.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) improves the survivability and functional outcome in patients with malignant hemispheric infarction (MHI). The decompressive effect of DC depends on the decompressive volume (DV). The value of the formulas for estimating DV has not been reported to date.

Is decompressive craniectomy a risk factor for ventriculomegaly?

Objective: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is an established therapeutic option following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, several delayed complications of DC have been reported, including ventriculomegaly, which can lead to poor patient outcomes. Nevertheless, ventriculomegaly can occur after TBI even without DC.

Decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has a high mortality rate. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) has generally been used for the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and hemispheric cerebral infarction. However, the effect of DC on hemispheric hypertensive ICH is not well understood.

Surgical results after primary decompressive craniectomy in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

It is well known that patients with poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have poor outcomes owing to significant mass effect and brain stem compression. On the other hand, decompressive craniectomy (DC) has shown efficacy in reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with intracranial hypertension. Here, we study the efficacy of DC in poor-grade SAH with attention to surgical outcome.

Cerebrospinal fluid congestion in the perioptic space.

Recent attention has been paid to the -cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics between the intracranial subarachnoid space (SAS) and the SAS around the optic nerve (ON-SAS). We experienced three patients who had an expanded ON-SAS associated with mass lesions extending into the optic canal, and studied their MRI findings after decompressive surgery. In all three patients, decompressive surgery of the optic canal resulted not only in the disappearance of the expanded ON-SAS, but also in improvement of the visual function.

An analysis of T2 mapping on brain tumors.

Purpose: Vasogenic edema on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) or a metastatic brain tumor (METS) may have different T2 relaxation time values because it involves an increased water component. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic utility of T2 mapping techniques in distinguishing GBM from METS.

Materials And Methods: We studied a glioblastoma (GBM) patient and a metastatic brain tumor (METS) patient who had not undergone previous surgery or treatment.

Traumatic basal ganglia hematomas: an analysis of 20 cases.

Twenty patients with traumatic basal ganglia hematoma (TBGH) were studied. Of the 20 patients, 16 were male and 4 were female, with an age range of 4-89 years (mean, 54.4 years).

Traumatic hematoma of the posterior fossa.

Posterior fossa injury is rare, occurring in less than 3 % of head injuries. We retrospectively reviewed patients' clinical and radiological findings, management, and outcomes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the features of posterior fossa hematoma, including posterior fossa epidural hematoma (EDH), posterior fossa subdural hematoma (SDH), and intracerebellar hematoma.

Adiponectin and traumatic brain injury.

Adiponectin, a circulating adipose-derived hormone regulating inflammation and energy metabolism, has beneficial actions on cardiovascular disorders. Recent studies have suggested that adiponectin might be a potential molecular target for ischemic stroke therapy; however, little is known about the effects of adiponectin on traumatic brain injury. The present study examined the immunoactivity of adiponectin.

A better mild traumatic brain injury model in the rat.

The primary pathology associated with mild -traumatic brain injury (TBI) is selective axonal injury, which may characterize the vast majority of blast-induced TBIs. Axonal injuries in cases of mild TBI have been considered to be the main factors responsible for the long-lasting memory or attentional impairment in affected subjects. Among these axonal injuries, recent attention has been focused on the cingulum bundle (CB).

The effect of hydrogen gas on a mouse bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.

In recent studies, molecular hydrogen selectively reduced the levels of hydroxyl radicals in vitro and exerted a therapeutic anti-oxidant activity in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrogen gas on a mouse bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) model. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transient BCCAO with a nontraumatic aneurysm clip.

Evaluation of the stage of hemorrhage using optical diffuse reflectance spectroscopy: an in vivo study.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common and often fatal subtype of stroke. Estimation of the stage of hemorrhage allows clinicians to know when the hemorrhage occurred, even in unconscious patients, enabling decisions to be made about the optimal management and treatment strategy. After ICH, oxidative denaturation of the hemoglobin progresses, and deoxyhemoglobin is gradually converted to methemoglobin.

Decrease in plasma adiponectin level and increase in adiponectin immunoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus after traumatic brain injury in rats.

Aim: Adiponectin plays an important role in the regulation of tissue inflammation. Recently, it has been reported that the plasma adiponectin levels in several acute illnesses decrease periodically, thus indicating that adiponectin may play a role in the inflammatory response in patients with acute illness. However, little is known about the effects of adiponectin following TBI.

Effects of a head-down tilt on cerebral blood flow in mice during bilateral common carotid artery occlusion.

Objectives: Data on the optimal head position for patients with acute ischemic stroke are unavailable. We evaluated the effects of mild head-down tilt (HDT) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in mice during bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO).

Materials And Methods: We used mice with BCCAO (35 minutes) and divided these into 2 groups ( n=16): BCCAO at 0°-HDT and 5°-HDT.

Novel therapeutic use of polysaccharide nanosheets for arachnoid plasty and enhancement of venous tensile strength in rat microneurosurgery.

Subdural effusion sometimes occurs during neurosurgery after opening the Sylvian fissure, due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage from the torn arachnoid membrane. Unexpected bleeding from the fragile bridging veins may also result from brain retraction. Neurosurgeons must always watch carefully for these complications during surgery.

Anti-high mobility group box-1 antibody therapy for traumatic brain injury.

Objective: High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) plays an important role in triggering inflammatory responses in many types of diseases. In this study, we examined the involvement of HMGB1 in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluated the ability of intravenously administered neutralizing anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to attenuate brain injury.

Methods: Traumatic brain injury was induced in rats or mice by fluid percussion.

Ventriculomegaly after decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate factors associated with the development of ventriculomegaly suggestive of hydrocephalus (VSOH) after decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: This study focused on 21 patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. The patients' clinical and radiological findings were retrospectively reviewed.