Protein C and protein S deficiencies may be related to survival among hemodialysis patients.

Background: Thrombophilia due to protein C (PC) and protein S (PS) deficiencies is highly prevalent among patients with stage 5 chronic kidney disease and is reported to arise due to extracorporeal circulation during hemodialysis (HD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between HD treatment and thrombophilia.

Methods: A total of 114 Japanese patients on maintenance HD (62 men, 52 women) were followed during 2008-2011.

Current international status of home hemodialysis.

Three times weekly home hemodialysis (HHD) was introduced shortly after the initiation of chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment in 1960. HHD eliminates the need of transportation to and from the dialysis unit and by allowing patients to set their own dialysis schedule, decreases the burden of treatment on their personal and professional lives. HHD has been found more economical and more highly associated with better patient survival than in-center dialysis.

Role of nitric oxide synthase activity in experimental ischemic acute renal failure in rats.

To determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in acute renal failure (ARF), we have studied the time course change activities to activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform activities, both calcium dependent and independent NOS, in experimental ischemic ARF. We have also analyzed change activities to activity of the NOS activities in both renal cortex and medulla. Male SD rats (n = 5) were inducted to ARF by ischemia-reperfusion injury and divided into the following groups; Control group (sham operation), Day 0 group, (measurement performed on that day of operation), Day 1 group, (measurement performed one day after induction of ARF), Day 3 group and Day 7 group.