Jet-injection assisted photodynamic therapy for superficial and nodular basal cell carcinoma: A pilot study.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) has efficacy in treating basal cell carcinoma (BCC) but is limited by incomplete penetration of ALA into the deeper dermis. This prospective open-label pilot trial investigated the safety and efficacy of photosensitizer jet injection for PDT (JI-PDT) for BCC treatment. It was performed with 15 patients (n = 15) with histologically confirmed, untreated, low-risk nodular BCCs at a single institution.

Early Results of a Screening Program for Skin Cancer in Liver Transplant Recipients: A Cohort Study.

(1) Background: Skin cancer is the most common cancer in transplant recipients. Timely and regular screening may reduce advanced disease. The study aimed to determine referral rates to screening, the incidence, and risk factors of skin cancer in a Danish liver transplant recipient cohort.

Botulinum toxin A versus microwave thermolysis for primary axillary hyperhidrosis: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Botulinum toxin A (BTX) and microwave thermolysis (MWT) represent 2 treatment modalities for axillary hyperhidrosis with different procedural and efficacy profiles.

Objective: To compare long-term outcomes following BTX vs MWT treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, within-patient, controlled trial, treating axillary hyperhidrosis with contralateral BTX and MWT.

Laser-assisted topical delivery of vismodegib reduces hedgehog gene expression in human basal cell carcinomas in vivo.

Background: Systemically delivered hedgehog inhibitors including vismodegib and sonidegib are widely used to treat basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). Ablative fractional laser (AFL)-assisted topical delivery of vismodegib has been demonstrated in preclinical studies. The aim of this explorative clinical study was to evaluate intratumoral vismodegib concentrations and effect on hedgehog pathway gene expression following AFL-assisted topical vismodegib delivery to BCCs.

Skin Cancer Development Is Strongly Associated with Actinic Keratosis in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Danish Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are at increased risk of skin cancer and suffer from greater disease-specific morbidity and mortality. To risk stratify the expanding SOTR population for more targeted skin cancer screening, a detailed understanding of risk factors is needed. Using combined clinical and pathological data to capture prevalence of actinic keratosis (AK) and skin cancer, this study aimed to identify risk factors of skin cancer development in a Danish SOTR cohort.

A one-time pneumatic jet-injection of 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of hypertrophic scars-A blinded randomized controlled trial.

Background: Patients with hypertrophic scars (HTS) risk reduced quality of life due to itching, pain, poor cosmesis, and restriction of movement. Despite good clinical efficacy, patients are often reluctant to undergo repeated needle injections due to pain or needle phobia.

Objectives: To evaluate the applicability of needle-free pneumatic jet injection (PJI) and assess changes in hypertrophic scars following a single PJI treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and triamcinolone acetonide (TAC).

Mild to moderate atopic dermatitis severity can be reliably assessed using smartphone-photographs taken by the patient at home: A validation study.

Background: The use of photographs to diagnose and monitor skin diseases is gaining ground.

Objectives: To investigate the validity and reliability of photographic assessments of atopic dermatitis (AD) severity.

Methods: AD severity was evaluated in the clinic by two assessors using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), SCOring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA).

Efficacy and safety of laser-assisted combination chemotherapy: A follow-up study of treatment with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for basal cell carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: There is a growing need for effective topical treatments for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). By altering the skin barrier, ablative fractional lasers (AFLs) enhance cutaneous uptake of the synergistic chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In our recently reported clinical trial, AFL-assisted delivery of cisplatin and 5-FU showed favorable short-term clearance rates of 95% with good cosmetic results at 3 months.

Off-Label 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Actinic Keratosis: A Case Series.

Background: The suspected link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and the development of premalignant and malignant skin lesions remains inadequately examined in clinical settings. This case series describes HPV vaccination as an off-label adjuvant therapy for actinic keratosis (AK).

Methods: Twelve immunocompetent AK patients underwent HPV vaccination at a private dermatology clinic in Naestved, Denmark.

Assessing Light and Energy-Based Therapy by Optical Coherence Tomography and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy: A Randomized Trial of Photoaged Skin.

Background And Objectives: Image-guided quantitative and semi-quantitative assessment of skin can potentially evaluate treatment efficacy. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are ideal for this purpose. This study assessed clinically relevant statistical changes in RCM and OCT features in photoaged skin after light and energy-based therapy.

Keratinocyte Carcinoma and Photoprevention: The Protective Actions of Repurposed Pharmaceuticals, Phytochemicals and Vitamins.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) arising from sun exposure represents a major risk factor in the development of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs). UVR exposure induces dysregulated signal transduction, oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression and DNA damage, all of which promote the induction and development of photocarcinogenesis. Because the incidence of KCs is increasing, better prevention strategies are necessary.

Thermo-Mechanical Fractional Injury Enhances Skin Surface- and Epidermis- Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence: Comparison of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Cream and Gel Vehicles.

Background And Objectives: Thermo-mechanical fractional injury (TMFI) impacts the skin barrier and may increase cutaneous drug uptake. This study investigated the potential of TMFI in combination with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) cream and gel formulations to enhance Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence at the skin surface and in the skin.

Study Design/materials And Methods: In healthy volunteers (n = 12) a total of 144 test areas were demarcated on the upper back.

Efficacy and Safety of Laser-Assisted Combination Chemotherapy: An Explorative Imaging-Guided Treatment With 5-Fluorouracil and Cisplatin for Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: Rising incidences of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have increased the need for effective topical therapies. By enhancing cutaneous uptake of the chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), laser-assisted delivery may provide a new combination treatment for BCC. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate tumor response, safety, and drug biodistribution in tumors and blood after topical laser-assisted 5-FU + CIS treatment in BCC patients.

Skin surface Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence is associated with epidermal but not dermal fluorescence intensities.

Background: Photodynamic therapy with Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) is well-established for keratinocyte dysplasia. PpIX fluorescence can be quantified at the skin surface and within skin layers, but their relation is previously undescribed. The study objective was to assess the relation between skin surface PpIX fluorescence and PpIX fluorescence in epidermis and dermis.

Fractional 1,927 nm Thulium Laser Plus Photodynamic Therapy Compared and Combined for Photodamaged Décolleté Skin: A Side-by-Side Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Objectives: Décolleté photodamage is a common condition typically treated with light and energy-based devices. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of a fractional 1,927 nm thulium laser (TL) alone and combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Study Design/materials And Methods: In a 12-week follow-up study, participant décolletés were divided into four treatment areas and randomized to receive a single treatment with field-directed TL, PDT, combination TL-PDT, or lesion-directed curettage control.

Organ transplant recipients express enhanced skin autofluorescence and pigmentation at skin cancer sites.

Background: Skin autofluorescence and pigmentation can estimate photodamage and sun exposure. These techniques may quantify differences in actinic damage between high-risk organ transplant recipients (OTRs) and immunocompetent patients.

Methods: Age and gender-matched OTRs (n = 15) and immunocompetent controls (n = 15) with a new keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) were included.

Skin autofluorescence reflects individual seasonal UV exposure, skin photodamage and skin cancer development in organ transplant recipients.

Importance: Ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin cancers varies among organ transplant recipients (OTRs). To improve individual risk assessment of skin cancer, objectively quantified skin photodamage is needed.

Objectives: We measured personal UVR-exposure dose in OTRs and assessed the relation between individual UVR exposure, skin cancer and objectively measured photodamage in terms of skin autofluorescence, pigmentation, and black light-evaluated solar lentigines.

Impact of UVR Exposure Pattern on Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Dose-Delivery and Dose-Response Study in Pigmented Hairless Mice.

Cumulative lifetime ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is an important factor in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. This study examines the impact of UVR exposure pattern on tumor development. Hairless C3.

Skin reactions after photodynamic therapy are unaffected by 839 nm photobiomodulation therapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

Background And Objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is associated with erythema and edema. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy may stimulate the skin recovery process. We investigated the potential of PBM to reduce PDT-induced skin reactions.

Comparison of Physical Pretreatment Regimens to Enhance Protoporphyrin IX Uptake in Photodynamic Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Skin pretreatment is recommended for adequate penetration of topical photosensitizing agents and subsequent protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) accumulation in photodynamic therapy (PDT).

Objective: To compare the relative potential of different physical pretreatments to enhance PPIX fluorescence in normal skin.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This intraindividual, randomized clinical trial was performed from November 28 to December 20, 2014, at Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark, among 12 healthy volunteers 18 years or older.

Skin tumor development after UV irradiation and photodynamic therapy is unaffected by short-term pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil, imiquimod and calcipotriol. An experimental hairless mouse study.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) delays ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in hairless mice. Efficacy may be enhanced by combining PDT with antineoplastic or pro-differentiating agents. We investigated if pretreatment with 5-fluorouracil (5FU), imiquimod (IMIQ) or calcipotriol (CAL) before PDT further delays tumor onset.

Non-ablative fractional laser provides long-term improvement of mature burn scars--a randomized controlled trial with histological assessment.

Background And Objectives: Non-ablative fractional laser-treatment is evolving for burn scars. The objective of this study was to evaluate clinical and histological long-term outcome of 1,540 nm fractional Erbium: Glass laser, targeting superficial, and deep components of mature burn scars.

Materials & Methods: Side-by-side scar-areas were randomized to untreated control or three monthly non-ablative fractional laser-treatments using superficial and extra-deep handpieces.

Artificial daylight photodynamic therapy with "non-inflammatory" doses of hexyl aminolevulinate only marginally delays SCC development in UV-exposed hairless mice.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective for actinic keratoses, but is associated with pain and post-treatment inflammation. Daylight-mediated PDT and PpIX-precursors at low concentrations reduce pain and inflammation intensity. The objective was to evaluate the effect of repeated low-concentration PDT combined with artificial daylight on SCC development.