Patterns of trauma-induced coagulopathy in injured children: A principal component analysis investigating endothelial, coagulation, and platelet biomarkers.

Background: Trauma-induced coagulopathy is common and associated with poor outcomes in injured children. Our aim was to identify patterns of coagulopathy after injury using endothelial, platelet, and coagulation biomarkers, and associate these phenotypes with relevant patient factors and clinical outcomes in a pediatric trauma cohort.

Methods: Principal component (PC) analysis was performed on data from injured children between 2018 and 2022.

Impact of hypocalcemia on mortality in pediatric trauma patients who require transfusion.

Background: Admission hypocalcemia has been associated with poor outcomes in injured adults. The impact of hypocalcemia on mortality has not been widely studied in pediatric trauma.

Methods: A pediatric trauma center database was queried retrospectively (2013-2022) for children younger than 18 years who received blood transfusion within 24 hours of injury and had ionized calcium (iCal) level on admission.

Scalable Large-Area 2D-MoS/Silicon-Nanowire Heterostructures for Enhancing Energy Storage Applications.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides have shown great potential for energy storage applications owing to their interlayer spacing, large surface area-to-volume ratio, superior electrical properties, and chemical compatibility. Further, increasing the surface area of such materials can lead to enhanced electrical, chemical, and optical response for energy storage and generation applications. Vertical silicon nanowires (SiNWs), also known as black-Si, are an ideal substrate for 2D material growth to produce high surface-area heterostructures, owing to their ultrahigh aspect ratio.

The Efficacy of Low-Titer Group O Whole Blood Compared With Component Therapy in Civilian Trauma Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To assess if transfusion with low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is associated with improved early and/or late survival compared with component blood product therapy (CT) in bleeding trauma patients.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science was performed from their inception through December 1, 2023. Key terms included injury, hemorrhage, bleeding, blood transfusion, and whole blood.

Use of whole blood in pediatric trauma: a narrative review.

Balanced hemostatic resuscitation has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with both pediatric and adult trauma. Cold-stored, low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) has been increasingly used as a primary resuscitation product in trauma in recent years. Benefits of LTOWB include rapid, balanced resuscitation in one product, platelets stored at 4°C, fewer additives and fewer donor exposures.

Endotheliopathy of trauma in children: The association of syndecan-1 with injury and poor outcomes.

Background: The contribution of the endothelium to trauma-induced coagulopathy has not been thoroughly investigated in injured children.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of children (younger than 18 years) who presented with a potentially severe injury to an academic pediatric trauma center. Syndecan-1 level was collected on arrival and 24 hours following hospital arrival.

Functional connectivity in Lewy body disease with visual hallucinations.

Background And Purpose: Visual hallucinations are a common, potentially distressing experience of people with Lewy body disease (LBD). The underlying brain changes giving rise to visual hallucinations are not fully understood, although previous models have posited that alterations in the connectivity between brain regions involved in attention and visual processing are critical.

Methods: Data from 41 people with LBD and visual hallucinations, 48 with LBD without visual hallucinations and 60 similarly aged healthy comparator participants were used.

Age-related changes in thromboelastography profiles in injured children.

Background: The role of age in mediating coagulation characteristics in injured children is not well defined. We hypothesize thromboelastography (TEG) profiles are unique across pediatric age groups.

Methods: Consecutive trauma patients younger than 18 years from a Level I pediatric trauma center database from 2016 to 2020 with TEG obtained on arrival to the trauma bay were identified.

Conformal CVD-Grown MoS on Three-Dimensional Woodpile Photonic Crystals for Photonic Bandgap Engineering.

To achieve the modification of photonic band structures and realize the dispersion control toward functional photonic devices, composites of photonic crystal templates with high-refractive-index material are fabricated. A two-step process is used: 3D polymeric woodpile templates are fabricated by a direct laser writing method followed by chemical vapor deposition of MoS. We observed red-shifts of partial bandgaps at the near-infrared region when the thickness of deposited MoS films increases.

Association of Prehospital Transfusion With Mortality in Pediatric Trauma.

Importance: Optimal hemostatic resuscitation in pediatric trauma is not well defined.

Objective: To assess the association of prehospital blood transfusion (PHT) with outcomes in injured children.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study of the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation database included children aged 0 to 17 years old who received a PHT or emergency department blood transfusion (EDT) from January 2009 and December 2019.

Evaluating the impact of the Adelaide Rural Clinical School longitudinal clinical placement on the rural medical workforce: A retrospective cohort study of graduates, 2004-2019.

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of the Adelaide Rural Clinical School (ARCS) longitudinal integrated clerkship to the rural medical workforce.

Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Practice location data were sourced from the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA, January 2021) and matched using university records.

Undergraduate rural medical training experiences and uptake of rural practice: a retrospective cohort study in South Australia.

Background: Rural medical training experiences provided by Rural Clinical Schools (RCS) can encourage future practice in rural locations. However, the factors influencing students' career choices are not well understood. This study explores the influence of undergraduate rural training experiences on graduates' subsequent practice location.

Receipt of low titer group O whole blood does not lead to hemolysis in children weighing less than 20 kilograms.

Objective: The safety of Low Titer Group O Whole Blood (LTOWB) transfusion has not been well-studied in small children.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of pediatric recipients of RhD-LTOWB (June 2016-October 2022) who weigh less than 20 kilograms. Biochemical markers of hemolysis (lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, haptoglobin, and reticulocyte count) and renal function (creatinine and potassium) were recorded on the day of LTOWB transfusion and post-transfusion days 1 and 2.

Admission maximum amplitude-reaction time ratio: Association between thromboelastography values predicts poor outcome in injured children.

Introduction: Thromboelastography (TEG)-derived maximum amplitude-reaction time (MA-R) ratio that accounts for both hypocoagulable and hypercoagulable changes in coagulation is associated with poor outcomes in adults. The relationship between these TEG values and outcomes has not been studied in children.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, a level I pediatric trauma center database was queried for children younger than 18 years who had a TEG assay on admission between 2016 and 2020.

Resuscitative practices and the use of low-titer group O whole blood in pediatric trauma.

Increasing rates of penetrating trauma in the United States makes rapid identification of hemorrhagic shock, coagulopathy, and early initiation of balanced resuscitation in injured children of critical importance. Hemorrhagic shock begins early after injury and can be challenging to identify in children, as hypotension is a late sign that a child is on the verge of circulatory collapse and should be aggressively resuscitated. Recent data support shifting away from crystalloid and toward early resuscitation with blood products because of worse coagulopathy and clinical outcomes in injured patients resuscitated with crystalloid.

Recognizing life-threatening bleeding in pediatric trauma: A standard for when to activate massive transfusion protocol.

Background: Traumatic hemorrhage is the most common cause of preventable death in civilian and military trauma. Early identification of pediatric life-threatening hemorrhage is challenging. There is no accepted clinical critical administration threshold (CAT) in children for activating massive transfusion protocols.

Low Energy Switching of Phase Change Materials Using a 2D Thermal Boundary Layer.

The switchable optical and electrical properties of phase change materials (PCMs) are finding new applications beyond data storage in reconfigurable photonic devices. However, high power heat pulses are needed to melt-quench the material from crystalline to amorphous. This is especially true in silicon photonics, where the high thermal conductivity of the waveguide material makes heating the PCM energy inefficient.

Association of Thromboelastography with Progression of Hemorrhagic Injury in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: Progression of hemorrhagic injury (PHI) in children with traumatic brain injury portends poor outcomes. The association between thromboelastography (TEG), functional coagulation assays, and PHI is not well characterized in children.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of children presenting with PHI at a pediatric level I academic trauma center from 2015 to 2020.

Contemporary Australian socio-cultural factors and their influence on medical student rural career intent.

Objective: To understand how contemporary socio-cultural factors may impact medical students' rural career intent.

Design: Cross-sectional study using data from the national Federation of Rural Australian Medical Educators survey.

Participants/setting: Medical students across 18 Australian universities who completed a full academic year of clinical training in rural areas in 2019.

Interhospital variability in localization techniques for small pulmonary nodules in children: A pediatric surgical oncology research collaborative study.

Background: Pulmonary nodules that are deep within lung parenchyma and/or small in size can be challenging to localize for biopsy. This study describes current trends in performance of image-guided localization techniques for pulmonary nodules in pediatric patients.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed on patients < 21 years of age undergoing localization of pulmonary nodules at 15 institutions.

Safety and benefit of ad libitum feeding following laparoscopic pyloromyotomy: retrospective comparative trial.

Purpose: In this study, we evaluated the impacts of ad libitum feedings on outcomes following laparoscopic pyloromyotomy in patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Methods: Pediatric patients with infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis who underwent laparoscopic pyloromyotomy were included. Patients were stratified into ad libitum and structured feeding groups.

Safety profile of low-titer group O whole blood in pediatric patients with massive hemorrhage.

Background: Low-titer Group O Whole Blood (LTOWB) is used with increasing frequency in adult and pediatric trauma and massive bleeding transfusion protocols. There is a risk of acute hemolytic reactions in non-group O recipients due to the passive transfusion of anti-A and anti-B in the LTOWB. This study investigated the hemolysis risk among pediatric recipients of LTOWB.