Effectiveness of a structured educational intervention using psychological delivery methods in children and adolescents with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes: a cluster-randomized controlled trial of the CASCADE intervention.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is increasing worldwide with a particular increase in children <5 years. Fewer than 1 in 6 children and adolescents achieve recommended glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values.

Methods: A pragmatic, cluster-randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a clinic-based structured educational group incorporating psychological approaches to improve long-term glycemic control, quality of life and psychosocial functioning in children and adolescents with T1D.

Implementing a structured education program for children with diabetes: lessons learnt from an integrated process evaluation.

Background: There is recognition of an urgent need for clinic-based interventions for young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus that improve glycemic control and quality of life. The Child and Adolescent Structured Competencies Approach to Diabetes Education (CASCADE) is a structured educational group program, using psychological techniques, delivered primarily by diabetes nurses. Composed of four modules, it is designed for children with poor diabetic control and their parents.

Structured, intensive education maximising engagement, motivation and long-term change for children and young people with diabetes: a cluster randomised controlled trial with integral process and economic evaluation - the CASCADE study.

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and young people is increasing worldwide with a particular increase in children under the age of 5 years. Fewer than one in six children and young people achieve glycosylated fraction of haemoglobin (HbA1c) values in the range identified as providing best future outcomes. There is an urgent need for clinic-based pragmatic, feasible and effective interventions that improve both glycaemic control and quality of life (QoL).

Smoking spaces and practices in pubs, bars and clubs: young adults and the English smokefree legislation.

Young adulthood is an important but overlooked period in the development of smoking behaviour. We know little about the impact of smokefree policies on this group. In a secondary analysis of longitudinal, qualitative interview data we explore smoking practices in young adulthood, the role of smoking in the spaces of the night-time economy, and the impact of smokefree legislation.

The re-shaping of the life-world: male British Bangladeshi smokers and the English smoke-free legislation.

Objective: To explore how male Bangladeshi smokers adapted to the English smoke-free legislation.

Design: We draw on data derived from the Evaluation of Smoke-free England (ESME), a qualitative, longitudinal study conducted between 2007 and 2008 in two English metropolitan areas. Repeat interviews (n = 34) were conducted before and after the legislation with 15 male Bangladeshi panel informants and from two focus groups: one with Bangladeshi men and the other with Bangladeshi women.

The social context of change in tobacco consumption following the introduction of 'smokefree' England legislation: a qualitative, longitudinal study.

Legislation implemented in England on 1st July 2007 to prohibit smoking in enclosed public places aimed primarily to limit exposure to second-hand smoke, thereby reducing smoking-related morbidity and mortality. We conducted a qualitative study between April 2007 and December 2008 in six contrasting localities in two metropolitan areas in the north and south of England, which examined the impact of the legislation on individuals, families and communities. Using a multi-level longitudinal case study design, we collected data at community and individual levels, from three months prior to the legislation to a year after its enactment through a range of methods, including semi-structured interviews with panel informants and observations in locality settings.

Health visitors' role in newborn blood spot screening.

New national policies and standards for newborn blood spot screening for some uncommon but serious conditions indicate that health visitors may have an increasingly important role in supporting parents. This may include offering support and guidance through times of uncertainty and hearing bad news about their baby's screening result. The U.

Constructing families and kinship through donor insemination.

This paper presents some central findings of an exploratory qualitative study of New Zealand families with children conceived by donor insemination (DI). Drawing on social anthropological and sociological theorising about kinship and contemporary Western families, the paper explores the ways in which parents and their kin actively construct parent-child relationships and kin connections through the notions of biological and social ties, nature and nurture. The paper discusses three major themes emerging from the data: the social construction of the 'natural facts' of procreation, physical resemblance, and the construction of families through choice, not biology.

Newborn blood spot screening.

The U.K. Newborn Screening Programme Centre (UKNSPC) launched the first UK-wide standards and policies for newborn blood spot screening, together with a national pre-screening information leaflet for parents in December 2004.

Informed choice and public health screening for children: the case of blood spot screening.

Objective: To examine parents' and health professionals' views on informed choice in newborn blood spot screening, and assess information and communication needs.

Design And Participants: A qualitative study involving semi-structured telephone interviews and focus groups with 47 parents of children who were either found to be affected or unaffected by the screened conditions, and 35 health professionals with differing roles in newborn blood spot screening programmes across the UK.

Results And Conclusions: Parents and health professionals recognize a tension between informed choice in newborn blood spot screening and public health screening for children.