Sleep movements and respiratory coupling as a biobehavioral metric for early Alzheimer's disease in independently dwelling adults.

Introduction: Sleep disorder is often the first symptom of age-related cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) observed in primary care. The relationship between sleep and early AD was examined using a patented sleep mattress designed to record respiration and high frequency movement arousals. A machine learning algorithm was developed to classify sleep features associated with early AD.

Central Executive Network and Executive Function in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Individuals: Meta-Analysis of Structural and Functional MRI.

Objective: The neural architecture of executive function is of interest given its utility as a transdiagnostic predictor of adaptive functioning. However, a gap exists in the meta-analytic literature assessing this relationship in neuropsychiatric populations, concordance between structural and functional architecture, and the relationship with neuropsychological assessment of executive function. Given the importance of the central executive network (CEN) in Alzheimer's disease, this population may be useful in understanding this relationship in Alzheimer's disease pathology.

The central executive network and executive function in healthy and persons with schizophrenia groups: a meta-analysis of structural and functional MRI.

This meta-analysis evaluated the extent to which executive function can be understood with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Studies included structural in schizophrenia (k = 8; n = 241) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 1660), and functional in schizophrenia (k = 4; n = 104) and healthy controls (k = 12; n = 712). Results revealed a positive association in the brain behavior relationship when pooled across schizophrenia and control samples for structural (pr = 0.

Neonatal sleep development and early learning in infants with prenatal opioid exposure.

The aim of this chapter is to examine the role of sleep and cognition in the context of the cumulative risk model examining samples of at-risk infants and maternal-infant dyads. The cumulative risk model posits that non-optimal developmental outcomes are the result of multiple factors in a child's life including, but not limited to, prenatal teratogenic exposures, premature birth, family socioeconomic status, parenting style and cognitions as well as the focus of this volume, sleep. We highlight poor neonatal sleep as both an outcome of perinatal risk as well as a risk factor to developing attentional and cognitive capabilities during early childhood.

Maternal responsivity and oxytocin in opioid-dependent mothers.

Although prenatal opioid exposure and postnatal withdrawal (neonatal abstinence syndrome) are associated with infant neurobehavioral deficits, little is known about the impact of continued maternal opioid treatment in the postnatal period on maternal responsivity and relationship to mother's oxytocin release during dyadic interactions in the Still Face paradigm. Mother and infant dyads (N = 14) were recruited and comprised of mothers on opioid replacement throughout pregnancy and postpartum (opioid-exposed group, n = 7) and a demographically controlled, non-exposed group (n = 7). Salivary oxytocin was collected following 10 min of infant separation before and immediately after a 6-min Still Face paradigm.

Understanding heterogeneity in older adults: Latent growth curve modeling of cognitive functioning.

Background: Clarifying relationships between specific neurocognitive functions in cognitively intact older adults can improve our understanding of mechanisms involved in cognitive decline, which may allow identification of new opportunities for intervention and earlier detection of those at increased risk of dementia.

Method: The present study employed latent growth curve modeling to longitudinally examine the relationship between executive attention/processing speed, episodic memory, language, and working memory functioning utilizing the neuropsychological test battery from the National Alzheimer's Disease Coordinating Center. A total of 691 relatively healthy older adults (M = 69.