New immune phenotypes for treatment response in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma patients.

Despite advances in surgical and therapeutic approaches, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) prognosis remains poor. Surgery is an indispensable component of therapeutic protocols, as removal of all visible tumor lesions (cytoreduction) profoundly improves the overall survival. Enhanced predictive tools for assessing cytoreduction are essential to optimize therapeutic precision.

Efficient CAR T cell targeting of the CA125 extracellular repeat domain of MUC16.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancies in the Western world. Contributing factors include a high frequency of late-stage diagnosis, the development of chemoresistance, and the evasion of host immune responses. Currently, debulking surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the treatment cornerstones, although recurrence is common.

Combining Mass Cytometry Data by CyTOFmerge Reveals Additional Cell Phenotypes in the Heterogeneous Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment: A Pilot Study.

The prognosis of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is poor, and treatment selection is challenging. A heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) characterizes HGSOC and influences tumor growth, progression, and therapy response. Better characterization with multidimensional approaches for simultaneous identification and categorization of the various cell populations is needed to map the TME complexity.

Humanized Ovarian Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts for Improved Preclinical Evaluation of Immunotherapies.

High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has poor prognosis and new treatment modalities are needed. Immunotherapy, with checkpoint inhibitors, have demonstrated limited impact. To evaluate the suitability for immunotherapeutics, contextualized preclinical models are required to secure meaningful clinical translation.

Fluorochrome Selection for Imaging Intraoperative Ovarian Cancer Probes.

The identification and removal of all gross and microscopic tumor to render the patient disease free represents a huge challenge in ovarian cancer treatment. The presence of residual disease is an independent negative prognostic factor. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the "in vitro" evaluation of compounds as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors, the COX-1 isoform being an ovarian cancer biomarker, each bearing fluorochromes with different fluorescence features.

Xenograft Models of Ovarian Cancer for Therapy Evaluation.

The evaluation of novel treatment regimes in ovarian cancer, ranging from cytotoxic agents and targeted therapy to surgery, demands clinically relevant mouse models to mimic human disease. These more advanced preclinical models provide a tool to obtain robust data on the mechanism of action, cytotoxicity and therapeutic efficacy of newly emerging antitumor therapies.In this chapter, we describe how to generate ovarian cancer xenograft models through injection of human tumor cell lines in immunocompromised mice.

Comparison of Five Near-Infrared Fluorescent Folate Conjugates in an Ovarian Cancer Model.

Purpose: Fluorescence imaging (FLI) using targeted near-infrared (NIR) conjugates aids the detection of tumour lesions pre- and intraoperatively. The optimisation of tumour visualisation and contrast is essential and can be achieved through high tumour-specificity and low background signal. However, the choice of fluorophore is recognised to alter biodistribution and clearance of conjugates and is therefore a determining factor in the specificity of target binding.

Phenotypic Characterization by Mass Cytometry of the Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer and Impact of Tumor Dissociation Methods.

Improved molecular dissection of the tumor microenvironment (TME) holds promise for treating high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), a gynecological malignancy with high mortality. Reliable disease-related biomarkers are scarce, but single-cell mapping of the TME could identify patient-specific prognostic differences. To avoid technical variation effects, however, tissue dissociation effects on single cells must be considered.

The Emerging Role of CD24 in Cancer Theranostics-A Novel Target for Fluorescence Image-Guided Surgery in Ovarian Cancer and Beyond.

Complete cytoreductive surgery is the cornerstone of the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The application of fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) allows for the increased intraoperative visualization and delineation of malignant lesions by using fluorescently labeled targeting biomarkers, thereby improving intraoperative guidance. CD24, a small glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface receptor, is overexpressed in approximately 70% of solid cancers, and has been proposed as a prognostic and therapeutic tumor-specific biomarker for EOC.

CD24-targeted intraoperative fluorescence image-guided surgery leads to improved cytoreduction of ovarian cancer in a preclinical orthotopic surgical model.

Background: The completeness of resection is a key prognostic indicator in patients with ovarian cancer, and the application of tumour-targeted fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) has led to improved detection of peritoneal metastases during cytoreductive surgery. CD24 is highly expressed in ovarian cancer and has been shown to be a suitable biomarker for tumour-targeted imaging.

Methods: CD24 expression was investigated in cell lines and heterogenous patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumour samples of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC).

CD24-targeted fluorescence imaging in patient-derived xenograft models of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.

Background: The survival rate of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains disappointing. Clinically translatable orthotopic cell line xenograft models and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) may aid the implementation of more personalised treatment approaches. Although orthotopic PDX reflecting heterogeneous molecular subtypes are considered the most relevant preclinical models, their use in therapeutic development is limited by lack of appropriate imaging modalities.