Differences of cerebral activation between superior and inferior learners during motor sequence encoding and retrieval.

Cerebral activation during memory encoding and retrieval might depend on subjects' learning capacity, either by corresponding to better performance in superior learners or by reflecting increased effort in inferior learners. To investigate these alternative hypotheses, the study compared cerebral activation during encoding and retrieval of a motor sequence in groups of subjects with superior and inferior learning performances. Ten healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a motor sequence encoding paradigm (i.

Identification of somatic and anxiety symptoms which contribute to the detection of depression in primary health care.

Somatic symptoms and anxiety symptoms are often disregarded in the detection of depression in primary care. The present investigation examined to what extent somatic and anxiety symptoms recorded with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Primary Health Care Version (CIDI-PHC) can improve the detection of depression as compared to the General Health Questionnaire-12-item version alone. Data from the World Health Organization study on Psychological Problems in General Health Care were used.

Mixed anxiety-depression in a 1 year follow-up study: shift to other diagnoses or remission?

Background: In 1992, the ICD-10 introduced the concept of mixed anxiety-depression disorder (MAD). However, a study examining the stability of this ICD-10-diagnosis is lacking. Our objective was to examine the 12 month outcome of MAD in comparison to the outcome of depression, anxiety, and comorbid depression and anxiety.

Risk factors for depression at 12-month follow-up in adult primary health care patients with major depression: an international prospective study.

Background: The aim of this study was to identify internationally relevant risk factors for the persistence of depression in primary care. None of the previous studies examining primary care patients could examine an equivalently large international sample. The findings from the WHO Collaborative Study on 'Psychological Problems in General Health Care' might be generalised to different cultural environments.

Lifetime depressive and somatic symptoms as preclinical markers of late-onset depression.

Background: Several risk factors of depression, i. e., female gender and life-stress, have been identified.

Test-retest reliability of self-reported age at onset of selected psychiatric diagnoses in general health care.

Objective: To investigate reliability of self-reported age at onset of frequent mental disorders and its association with patient and disorder characteristics.

Method: A total of 1031 primary care patients with at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis were asked to report age at onset of their disorders at baseline and after 1 year. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for age at onset information were calculated for individual disorders.