Can urinary thyroid hormone loss cause hypothyroidism?

Four patients presented with nephrotic syndrome associated with hypothyroidism; none had thyroid antibodies. Hypothyroidism resolved on remission of nephrotic syndrome in two patients; thyroxine (T4) replacement was ineffective during periods of gross proteinuria in another, and the fourth had had normal thyroid function a year before presentation. Urinary T4 excretion was measured in ten further patients with proteinuria.

Exocrine pancreatic function (serum immunoreactive trypsin, fecal chymotrypsin, and pancreatic isoamylase) in Indian diabetics.

Forty-nine patients with tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP), 51 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDMs), 87 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NID-DMs), and 66 nondiabetic controls were studied to evaluate their exocrine pancreatic function by measurement of serum immunoreactive trypsin (IRT, normal for white caucasians from the U.K. of 140-414 micrograms/L), pancreatic isoamylase (PIA, normal of 35-125 U/L), and fecal chymotrypsin (FCT, normal of greater than 6.

The spectrum of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine (beta-cell) function in tropical calcific pancreatitis.

Exocrine pancreatic marker (immunoreactive-trypsin) and endocrine Beta-cell function (plasma insulin and C-peptide during an oral glucose tolerance test) were studied in 40 subjects with tropical-calcific-pancreatitis [seven non-diabetic, seven with impaired-glucose-tolerance and 26 diabetic (fibro-calculous-pancreatic-diabetes)]. In non-diabetic and impaired-glucose-tolerance subjects there was evidence of active pancreatitis in some and exocrine function was partially preserved. Fibro-calculous-pancreatic-diabetic subjects showed severely diminished exocrine pancreatic function; none showed 'pancreatitic' elevation of immunoreactive-trypsin.

Serum immunoreactive trypsin in tropical pancreatic diabetes syndrome.

Fifteen patients with tropical pancreatic diabetes syndrome (TPDS), 16 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD), 27 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD) and 14 normal subjects, all from India, were investigated for markers of beta-cell (C-peptide) and exocrine (immunoreactive trypsin; IRT) reserve. IRT and C-peptide concentrations were the lowest in TPDS, lower than normal in IDD, and not significantly different from normal in NIDDs. There was a highly significant correlation (rs = 0.

Salivary amylase and pancreatic enzymes in Sjögren's syndrome.

Concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and pancreatic and salivary amylase activities were measured in 22 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and in 13 patients with secondary SS. Nineteen of the 22 patients with primary SS had above-normal IRT, and six had above-normal pancreatic isoamylase activity. Six of the 13 patients with secondary SS had above-normal IRT; none had above-normal isoamylase activities.

Serum immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic lipase in primary biliary cirrhosis.

Immunoreactive trypsin concentration and pancreatic lipase activity were measured in the sera of 33 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Immunoreactive trypsin was increased (above the normal range) in 16 (48%) and pancreatic lipase activity in 18 (55%) patients. Both enzymes were increased in 10 (30%) patients.

Salivary amylase and pancreatic enzymes in serum after total body irradiation.

Amylase increases in serum after total body irradiation (TBI). To investigate whether this increase is ascribable to pancreatic or salivary amylase, or both, we measured the post-irradiation activity concentration of the three major pancreatic enzymes (trypsin, amylase, and lipase) and of salivary-type amylase in serum from six leukemic patients given TBI before bone-marrow transplantation. Salivary amylase increased by as much as 50-fold after TBI, peaking on the first day after the irradiation.

Serum pancreatic enzymes in the elderly.

Immunoreactive trypsin (IRT) and pancreatic lipase were measured in serum from 37 geriatric in-patients (median age 77.5 years) without history of diarrhoea, pancreatic disease, diabetes or acute or chronic alcoholic intake. IRT and pancreatic lipase concentrations/activity were strongly correlated and were markedly elevated when compared with a control population of 22 subjects (median age 27 years).

Exocrine pancreatic function in diabetes mellitus.

An investigation of serum immunoreactive trypsin concentration and pancreatic isoamylase activity in patients with diabetes mellitus has shown that exocrine pancreatic deficit is maximal in insulin dependent diabetics, intermediate in those controlled with sulphonylureas, and absent in patients controlled with biguanides or diet or both. A significant correlation between the serum concentrations of both these pancreatic enzymes and C peptide was found. Serum pancreatic enzyme concentrations were not related to glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations, the dosage of insulin, or the age of onset of diabetes.

Serum pancreatic lipase activity in cystic fibrosis.

Patients with cystic fibrosis have been found to have abnormal serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin and abnormal activities of pancreatic isoamylase. A study was undertaken to discover whether activity of pancreatic lipase is also altered in cystic fibrosis. Serum from 23 patients with cystic fibrosis was assayed for immunoreactive trypsin and pancreatic lipase.

Low pancreatic lipase in insulin-dependent diabetics.

Serum samples obtained from 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD), 23 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDD) and 30 controls were assayed for their pancreatic lipase activity, immunoreactive trypsin concentration and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) respectively. The distribution of serum pancreatic lipase activity in normal subjects and diabetics was nonparametric. The median serum lipase activity in IDDs (86 U/l) was significantly lower that that in controls (131 U/l, p less than 0.