Optimizing microbioreactor cultivation strategies for Trichoderma reesei: from batch to fed-batch operations.

Background: Filamentous fungi have long been recognized for their exceptional enzyme production capabilities. Among these, Trichoderma reesei has emerged as a key producer of various industrially relevant enzymes and is particularly known for the production of cellulases. Despite the availability of advanced gene editing techniques for T.

Recursive genome engineering decodes the evolutionary origin of an essential thymidylate kinase activity in KT2440.

Investigating fundamental aspects of metabolism is vital for advancing our understanding of the diverse biochemical capabilities and biotechnological applications of bacteria. The origin of the essential thymidylate kinase function in the model bacterium KT2440, seemingly interrupted due to the presence of a large genomic island that disrupts the cognate gene, eluded a satisfactory explanation thus far. This is a first-case example of an essential metabolic function, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer, which "landed" in a locus encoding the same activity.

Production of the potential sweetener 5-ketofructose from fructose in fed-batch cultivation with Gluconobacter oxydans.

Sweeteners improve the dietary properties of many foods. A candidate for a new natural sweetener is 5-ketofructose. In this study a fed-batch process for the production of 5-ketofructose was developed.

Toward a catalytic site in DNA: polyaza crown ether as non-nucleosidic building blocks in DNA conjugates.

A number of functionalized polyaza crown ether building blocks have been incorporated into DNA-conjugates as catalytic Cu(2+) binding sites. The effect of the DNA-conjugate catalyst on the stereochemical outcome of a Cu(2+)-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction will be presented.

Polyaza crown ether as non-nucleosidic building blocks in DNA-conjugates.

The synthesis of amphiphilic polyaza crown ether monomers X (palmityl-substituted), Y (cholesteryl-substituted) and Z (dipalmityl-subtituted) and their incorporation into oligonucleotides are described. Their effects on thermal duplex stability were investigated by UV melting curve analysis. Thermal denaturation experiments showed remarkable stabilization of dsDNA by polyaza crown ether monomers when incorporated in opposite positions.

Polyaza crown ethers as non-nucleosidic building blocks in DNA conjugates: synthesis and remarkable stabilization of dsDNA.

The synthesis of amphiphilic polyaza crown ether monomers X (benzyl-substituted), Y (palmityl-substituted) and Z (cholesteryl-substituted) and their incorporation into oligonucleotides are described. Their effects on thermal duplex stability were investigated by UV melting curve analysis in different alkaline metal buffer solutions. Thermal-denaturation experiments showed remarkable stabilization of dsDNA by polyaza crown ether monomers when incorporated in opposite positions.

Synthesis of an asymmetrically substituted AZA crown ether as metal and amino acid binding site in DNA conjugates.

Crown ether 4 as a receptor core for protonated primary amines such as amino acids has been synthesized and incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides as dangling ends.

A substituted triaza crown ether as a binding site in DNA conjugates.

Synthesis of an asymmetrically substituted triaza crown ether, its incorporation into the 3'-end and 5'-end of ninemer oligonucleotides, and the influence of various alkanediamine ligands on duplex thermostabilities are reported.