[Bacterial load of the surroundings during rigid diagnostic bronchoscopy under high frequency jet-ventilation].

Background: High-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) is used in pneumological endoscopy for rigid, diagnostic, and therapeutic bronchoscopies. It is unclear to what extent the unobstructed flow of respiratory gas from the patient's lungs causes microbial contamination of the surrounding air.

Material And Methods: After the start of the HFJV (15 min) in 16 rigid bronchoscopies, airborne pathogen measurements were taken directly at the distal endoscope outlet, at examiner height (40 cm above the endoscope outlet), at a 2 m distance from the endoscope in the room and at the supply air outlet of the examination room using an RCS air sampler.

outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit associated with contaminated donor milk.

Objective: Investigation of the origin of a outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Setting: Regional level 3 perinatal center in Germany.

A Dual HiBiT-GFP-LC3 Lentiviral Reporter for Autophagy Flux Assessment.

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that maintains the cellular homeostasis and it is regulated in multiple ways, both in health and disease. Assessment of autophagic flux in cells is an important approach for understanding the function of autophagy in biological contexts. Here, we describe a new tool for the qualitative and quantitative determination of autophagic flux using a dual lentiviral reporter system that generates a fusion HiBiT-GFP-LC3B protein suitable for generating stable cell lines.

Management of a cluster of infections among patients with osteoarticular infections.

Background: Here we describe a cluster of hospital-acquired infections (CDI) among 26 patients with osteoarticular infections. The aim of the study was to define the source of and to evaluate the impact of general infection control measures and antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of CDI.

Methods: Epidemiological analysis included typing of strains and analysis of possible patient to patient transmission.

Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of swine influenza A viruses isolated in Germany between 1981 and 2008.

European swine influenza A viruses donated the matrix protein 2 as well as the neuraminidase (NA) gene to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) viruses that emerged in 2009. As a result, the latter became amantadine resistant and neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptible. These recent developments reflecting the close connection between influenza A virus infection chains in humans and pigs urge an antiviral surveillance within swine influenza A viruses.

Different neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibilities of human H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated in Germany from 2001 to 2005/2006.

In the flu season 2005/2006 amantadine-resistant human influenza A viruses (FLUAV) of subtype H3N2 circulated in Germany. This raises questions on the neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility of FLUAV. To get an answer, chemiluminescence-based neuraminidase inhibition assays were performed with 51 H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 FLUAV isolated in Germany from 2001 to 2005/2006.

High prevalence of amantadine resistance among circulating European porcine influenza A viruses.

Genetic analysis of the M2 sequence of European porcine influenza A viruses reveals a high prevalence of amantadine resistance due to the substitution of serine 31 by asparagine in all three circulating subtypes, H1N1, H3N2 and H1N2. The M segment of all resistant strains belongs to a single genetic lineage. Whereas the first amantadine-resistant porcine strain was isolated in 1989, isolation of the last amantadine-susceptible strain dates to 1987, suggesting a displacement of amantadine-susceptible viruses by resistant strains soon after emergence of the mutation.

The transcriptional repressor ZEB1 promotes metastasis and loss of cell polarity in cancer.

Invasion and metastasis are the hallmarks of malignant tumor progression and the main cause of death in cancer. The embryonic program "epithelial-mesenchymal transition" (EMT) is thought to trigger invasion by allowing tumor cell dissemination. Here, we describe that the EMT-inducing transcriptional repressor ZEB1 promotes colorectal cancer cell metastasis and loss of cell polarity.

Expression profiling reveals genes associated with transendothelial migration of tumor cells: a functional role for alphavbeta3 integrin.

Transendothelial migration is a key step in the extravasation of tumor cells during metastasis formation. Here, we have classified 45 human tumor cell lines derived from various tissues according to their capacity for transendothelial migration in vitro. We could distinguish cell lines showing strong transmigration (TEM+ cell lines) from others that did not transmigrate (TEM- cell lines).

Neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of porcine H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated in Germany between 1982 and 1999.

As an intermediate host of avian and human influenza A viruses (FLUAV) pigs may play a potential role in interspecies virus transmission and reassortment of viral genes including those conferring antiviral drug resistance. Porcine FLUAV isolated in Germany between 1989 and 2001 contains mutations in the M2 gene inducing amantadine resistance. No data exist on neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) susceptibility of these porcine FLUAV.

Amantadine resistance among porcine H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated in Germany between 1981 and 2001.

This study was designed to gain insight into amantadine susceptibility of porcine influenza A viruses isolated in Germany between 1981 and 2001. The 12 studied H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 porcine influenza virus strains were isolated in chicken eggs and passaged once in MDCK cells. Plaque reduction assays were applied to examine virus susceptibility to amantadine.