Association between consensus-based nutrition pathway and growth faltering in infants with gastroschisis: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: The University of California Fetal Consortium published that 55% of infants with gastroschisis develop growth faltering by hospital discharge. To address this problem, we developed a nutrition pathway emphasizing (1) early provision of parenteral macronutrients, (2) use of human milk, and (3) growth faltering treatment. This study's goals were to assess adherence to and efficacy of this pathway in infants with gastroschisis across six California hospitals.

Non-nutritional use of human milk as a therapeutic agent in neonates: Brain, gut, and immunologic targets.

Human milk (HM) exposure improves short- and long-term outcomes for infants due to a complex milieu of bioactive, stem cell, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and nutritive components. Given this remarkable biologic fluid, non-nutritional utilization of HM as a targeted therapeutic is being explored in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This article describes recent research pertinent to non-nutritional uses of HM for neurologic, gastrointestinal, and infectious pathologies in neonates, as well as future directions.

Nutrition and the gut-brain axis in neonatal brain injury and development.

Early nutritional exposures, including during embryogenesis and the immediate postnatal period, affect offspring outcomes in both the short- and long-term. Alterations of these modifiable exposures shape the developing gut microbiome, intestinal development, and even neurodevelopmental outcomes. A gut-brain axis exists, and it is intricately connected to early life feeding and nutritional exposures.

Time to regain birthweight and association with neurodevelopmental outcomes among extremely preterm newborns.

Objective: Determine association between time to regain birthweight and 2-year neurodevelopment among extremely preterm (EP) newborns.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial evaluating time to regain birthweight, time from birth to weight nadir, time from nadir to regain birthweight, and cumulative weight loss with 2-year corrected Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition.

Results: Among n = 654 EP neonates, those with shorter nadir-to-regain had lower cognitive scores (≤1 day versus ≥8 days: -5.

Contemporary definitions of infant growth failure and neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in extremely premature infants at two years of age.

Background: Associations of 2-year neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes with growth trajectories of preterm infants are unknown.

Methods: This secondary analysis of a preterm cohort examined in-hospital and discharge to 2-year changes in anthropometric z-scores. Two-year follow-up included Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Child Behavior Checklist.

Time to Regain Birthweight and Association with Neurodevelopmental Outcomes among Extremely Preterm Newborns.

Objective: Determine association between time to regain birthweight and 2-year neurodevelopment among extremely preterm (EP) newborns.

Study Design: Secondary analysis of the Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial evaluating time to regain birthweight, time from birth to weight nadir, time from nadir to regain birthweight, and cumulative weight loss with 2-year corrected Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3rd edition.

Results: Among n = 654 EP neonates, those with shorter nadir-to-regain had lower cognitive scores (2-4 days versus ≥ 8 days: -3.

Contemporary Definitions of Infant Growth Failure and Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Outcomes in Extremely Premature Infants at Two Years of Age.

Introduction: The association of 2-year neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes with in-hospital or post-discharge growth failure (GF) using contemporary definitions for preterm infants is unknown.

Methods: In a secondary analysis of a preterm cohort, changes in anthropometric z-scores were examined between birth and hospital discharge, and from discharge to 2 years. The 2-year evaluation included Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-III) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).

Maternal Nutritional Status and the Microbiome across the Pregnancy and the Post-Partum Period.

Appropriate nutrition during pregnancy and the post-partum period is vital for both the mothers and their offspring. Both under- and over-nourished status may have important microbial implications on the maternal and infant gut microbiomes. Alterations in the microbiome can have implications for a person's risk of obesity and metabolic diseases.

Gut Microbes and Circulating Cytokines in Preterm Infants with Growth Failure.

Background: Growth failure (GF) is a multifactorial problem in preterm infants. The intestinal microbiome and inflammation may contribute to GF.

Objectives: This study's objective was to compare the gut microbiome and plasma cytokines in preterm infants with and without GF.

Pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes and fetal growth restriction: an analysis of maternal and fetal body composition using magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Maternal body composition may influence fetal body composition.

Objective: The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and fetal body composition.

Methods: Three pregnant women cohorts were studied: healthy, gestational diabetes (GDM), and fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Video simulation to learn pediatric resuscitation skills tailored to a low resource setting: A pilot program in Iquitos, Peru.

Introduction: The Hospital Regional de Loreto in Peru partners with the University of California Los Angeles Global Health Program to enhance educational experiences for US and Peruvian trainees. University of California Los Angeles Pediatric faculty led intermittent in-person code simulation sessions for Peruvian residents, and there is a need for regular education on this topic.

Methods: University of California Los Angeles residents created a video simulation of a patient in respiratory distress.

Interval growth across gestation in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis.

Background: Gastroschisis is often complicated by fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery, and prolonged neonatal hospitalization. Prenatal management and delivery decisions are often based on estimated fetal weight and interval growth; however, appropriate interval growth from week to week across gestation for these fetuses is poorly understood.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the median increase in overall estimated fetal weight and individual biometric measurements across each week of gestation in pregnancies with fetal gastroschisis and to assess whether lower in utero fetal weight gain is predictive of postnatal growth or adverse neonatal outcomes.

Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency in an Extremely Premature Infant With Intestinal Failure.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

The Neonate with Ambiguous Genitalia.

Neonates with ambiguous genitalia have various clinical presentations, etiologies, and outcomes, ranging from benign to life-threatening. This review provides a summary of these findings. Some diagnoses may lead to delayed sex assignment.

Growth Failure Prevalence in Neonates with Gastroschisis : A Statewide Cohort Study.

Objectives: To perform a multicenter study to assess growth failure in hospitalized infants with gastroschisis.

Study Design: This study included neonates with gastroschisis within sites in the University of California Fetal Consortium. The study's primary outcome was growth failure at hospital discharge, defined as a weight or length z score decrease >0.

Maternal-Neonatal Dyad Outcomes of Maternal COVID-19 Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Support: A Case Series.

Objective: This study aimed to describe two cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and resulting in premature delivery.

Study Design: The clinical course of two women hospitalized with ARDS due to COVID-19 care in our intensive care (ICU) is summarized; both participants provided consent to be included in this case series.

Results: Both women recovered with no clinical sequelae.

Growth from Birth to 30 months for Infants Born with Congenital Gastrointestinal Anomalies and Disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate growth among neonates with gastrointestinal disorders.

Study Design: Inclusion criteria included neonates with gastroschisis, omphalocele, intestinal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula, Hirschsprung's disease, malabsorption disorders, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and imperforate anus born between 2010 and 2018. Anthropometrics were collected for the first 30 months, and a subgroup analysis was performed for gastroschisis infants.

Burkitt-like lymphoma in a pediatric patient with familial adenomatous polyposis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition that predisposes to multiple malignancies, most commonly colorectal carcinoma, but has rarely been associated with lymphoma. We discuss one patient found to have Burkitt-like Lymphoma (BLL) with 11q aberration in the setting of previously undiagnosed FAP. We review the literature of FAP and associated malignancies and the provisional WHO classification of Burkitt-like lymphoma with 11q aberration.

Impact of Age at Diagnosis and Hypothalamic Involvement on Body Mass Index Z-Score Change in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors.

Background: Obesity risk is increased for pediatric central nervous system tumor survivors. Hypothalamic involvement (HI) by tumor or treatment increases the risk. In healthy children, body mass index (BMI) normally declines until adiposity rebound (AR).