Development and Preliminary Validation of a Self-Report Coping Response Measure in a Community Sample of Children in Middle Childhood.

Coping plays a key role in psychological adjustment. However, whereas coping in adulthood has been extensively studied, coping in childhood remains relatively sparsely researched. This might be in part due to the fact that measures of coping have yet to be developed that are suitable for use with young children.

Intake of lead (Pb) from tap water of homes with leaded and low lead plumbing systems.

Methods of quantifying consumer exposure to lead in drinking water are increasingly of interest worldwide, especially those that account for consumer drinking habits and the semi-random nature of water lead release from plumbing systems. A duplicate intake protocol was developed in which individuals took a sub-sample from each measured drink they consumed in the home over three days in both winter and summer. The protocol was applied in two different water company regional areas (WC1 and WC2), selected to represent high risk situations in England, with the presence or absence of lead service pipes or phosphate corrosion control.