What is the future of treatment de-escalation for HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer? A review of ongoing clinical trials.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) has increased in incidence in recent decades. With higher cure rates in younger populations, long-term survivors may live with acute- and long-term toxicity, leading to increased interest in de-escalation treatment strategies for HPV-related OPSCC. Herein, we have examined the current landscape of clinical trials in this context.

Practical Management of Oligometastatic Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Local ablative therapies, including surgery or stereotactic radiotherapy (SABR), are becoming an integral component in the treatment of oligometastatic disease in non-small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we summarize recent randomized evidence supporting progression-free survival and overall survival benefits of local ablation in these patients, as well as upcoming phase III data which should help us better understand the ideal treatment conditions and provide more insight into the oligometastatic state. Since practical management of oligometastatic disease in non-small-cell lung cancer can be challenging, we discuss a modern framework to identify patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics that can best guide management.

Evidence-Based Planning Target Volume Margin Reduction for Modern Lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy Using Deformable Registration.

Purpose: Standard planning target volume (PTV) margins for lung stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) are 5 mm. High-dose-rate volumetric modulated arc therapy delivered using flattening filter-free (FFF) beams with modern immobilization systems may allow for PTV margin reduction. This study assesses whether PTV margins can be reduced from 5 to 3 mm.

Local Relapse and Survival Outcomes in Patients with Scalp Sarcoma: A Retrospective Study of 95 Patients Treated in a Provincial Cancer Care Institution Over 25 Years.

Objectives There is limited literature on the optimal treatment of sarcoma arising in the scalp. This study evaluates local relapse (LR) and survival outcomes of patients with scalp sarcoma treated at a provincial cancer care institution. Methods A retrospective review of 95 patients with a primary diagnosis of scalp sarcoma referred from 1990-2015 was completed.

Proteasome regulation of the chromodomain protein MRG-1 controls the balance between proliferative fate and differentiation in the C. elegans germ line.

The level of stem cell proliferation must be tightly controlled for proper development and tissue homeostasis. Multiple levels of gene regulation are often employed to regulate stem cell proliferation to ensure that the amount of proliferation is aligned with the needs of the tissue. Here we focus on proteasome-mediated protein degradation as a means of regulating the activities of proteins involved in controlling the stem cell proliferative fate in the C.