Adverse Maternal Environment and Postweaning Western Diet Alter Hepatic CD36 Expression and Methylation Concurrently with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mouse Offspring.

Background: The role of an adverse maternal environment (AME) in conjunction with a postweaning Western diet (WD) in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult offspring has not been explored. Likewise, the molecular mechanisms associated with AME-induced NAFLD have not been studied. The fatty acid translocase or cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) has been implicated to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of WD-induced steatosis.

Intention to treat: obstetrical management at the threshold of viability.

Background: Despite medical advances in the care of extremely preterm neonates and growing acceptance of resuscitation at 23 and even 22 weeks gestation, controversy remains concerning the use of antepartum obstetric intervention s that are intended to improve outcomes in the setting of anticipated extremely preterm birth. In the absence of demonstrated benefit at <23 weeks gestation and with uncertain benefit at 23 weeks gestation, previous obstetric committee opinions have advised against their use at these gestational ages.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to review the use of obstetric intervention s at the threshold of viability based on neonatal resuscitation plan and to review the odds of survival to neonatal intensive care unit discharge based on use of obstetric intervention s with adjustment for neonatal factors.

Ethical Cultures in Perinatal Care: Do They Exist? Correlation of Provider Attitudes with Periviability Practices at Six Centers.

Objective: This study aimed to compare attitudes of providers regarding perinatal management and outcomes for periviable newborns of caregivers at centers with higher resuscitation (HR) and lower resuscitation (LR) rates in the delivery room.

Study Design: All obstetric and neonatal clinical providers at six U.S.

Antenatal Periviability Counseling and Decision Making: A Retrospective Examination by the Investigating Neonatal Decisions for Extremely Early Deliveries Study Group.

Objective: To describe periviability counseling practices and decision making.

Study Design: This is a retrospective review of mothers and newborns delivering between 22 and 24 completed weeks from 2011 to 2015 at six U.S.

Health-related quality of life, educational and family outcomes in survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Purpose: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) survivors experience increased risk of medical and neurodevelopmental challenges. This study describes the health-related quality of life (HRQOL), special education utilization and the family impact among neonatal CDH survivors.

Methods: A single-center prospective cohort of CDH survivors born between 1995 and 2006 was followed.

Development and validation of PRISM: a survey tool to identify diabetes self-management barriers.

Aims: Although most children with type 1 diabetes do not achieve optimal glycemic control, no systematic method exists to identify and address self-management barriers. This study develops and validates PRISM (Problem Recognition in Illness Self-Management), a survey-based tool for efficiently identifying self-management barriers experienced by children/adolescents with diabetes and their parents.

Methods: Adolescents 13 years and older and parents of children 8 years and older visiting for routine diabetes management (n=425) were surveyed about self-management barriers.

Evaluation of a multiple ecological level child obesity prevention program: Switch what you Do, View, and Chew.

Background: Schools are the most frequent target for intervention programs aimed at preventing child obesity; however, the overall effectiveness of these programs has been limited. It has therefore been recommended that interventions target multiple ecological levels (community, family, school and individual) to have greater success in changing risk behaviors for obesity. This study examined the immediate and short-term, sustained effects of the Switch program, which targeted three behaviors (decreasing children's screen time, increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, and increasing physical activity) at three ecological levels (the family, school, and community).

Assessment of diaphragmatic stressors as risk factors for symptomatic failure of laparoscopic nissen fundoplication.

An important limitation of antireflux surgery is a 5%-10% failure rate. We investigated the correlation between various diaphragm stressors and failure of antireflux surgery. Forty-one study cases who underwent a reoperative antireflux operation from 1997 to 2001 and 50 control patients who had undergone a successful laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication during the same period without clinical or symptomatic evidence of failure were randomly selected for comparison.