Medical weight management protects against weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: American adults have gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about how patients who are medically managed for overweight and obesity, including patients who are prescribed antiobesity pharmacotherapy, have fared.

Objective: To assess the COVID-19 pandemic's effect on weight, food choices, and health behaviors in patients receiving medical treatment for overweight or obesity.

Urine Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA as a Marker of Weight Loss and Body Composition in Older Adults With HIV.

Background: Older adults with HIV (OAH) experience more comorbidities and geriatric syndromes than their HIV-negative peers, perhaps because of chronic inflammation. Cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cfmtDNA) released from cells undergoing necrosis-mediated cell death potentially acts as both a mediator and marker of inflammatory dysregulation. We hypothesized that urinary cfmtDNA would be associated with frailty, body composition, and fall history in OAH.

Circulating electrolytes and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and supraventricular ectopy: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Background And Aims: Evaluating associations of circulating electrolytes with atrial fibrillation (AF) and burden of supraventricular arrhythmias can give insights into arrhythmia pathogenesis.

Methods And Results: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 6398 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, ages 71-90, with data on serum electrolytes (magnesium, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium). Prevalence of AF was determined from electrocardiograms and history of AF hospitalizations.

Who Values Gluten-Free? Dietary Intake, Behaviors, and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Young Adults Who Value Gluten-Free Food.

Background: Over the past decade, consumer demand for gluten-free products has increased, but little is known about the public health impact of and factors correlated with valuing gluten-free food.

Objective: Describe the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of young adults valuing gluten-free as an important food attribute, and compare their dietary intake with other young adults.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of survey data collected in 2015 to 2016 as part of the fourth wave of the Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults) cohort study.

Trends in calcium supplementation, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2014.

Background: Long-term outcomes of supplemental calcium are inadequately understood. Recent research suggests that calcium from supplements may not be entirely free from unintended health consequences. Consequently, it is important to understand patterns and trends in use of calcium supplements.

Stress and psychological constructs related to eating behavior are associated with anthropometry and body composition in young adults.

Background: The transition to college is associated with weight gain, but the relation between eating behavior indicators and anthropometric outcomes during this period remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate sex differences in stress, emotional eating, tendency to overeat, and restrained eating behavior, and determine whether the psycho-behavioral constructs assessed immediately prior to starting college are associated with anthropometry and adiposity at the start of college, and with first-semester weight gain.

Methods: A prospective study administered the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), Satter Eating Competence Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to 264 participants one month before college.

Erythritol is a pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite and associated with adiposity gain in young adults.

Metabolomic markers associated with incident central adiposity gain were investigated in young adults. In a 9-mo prospective study of university freshmen ( = 264). Blood samples and anthropometry measurements were collected in the first 3 d on campus and at the end of the year.

data-derived dietary patterns and incident coronary heart disease: Making sense of inconsistent findings.

Inconsistent findings have been reported from numerous prospective studies for the relations of the 'Western' (unhealthy) and 'Prudent' (healthy) diet patterns, derived using factor, principle components, or cluster analysis methods, with incident coronary heart disease (CHD). Among contemporary prospective studies, the 'Prudent' diet pattern was inversely related to CHD risk in 7 of 12 studies, while the 'Western' diet pattern positively related to risk in only 3 of 11 studies. To explain these inconsistent findings, we compared the methods and results from these prospective studies conducted in the U.

Longitudinal changes in anthropometry and body composition in university freshmen.

Objective: We investigated predictors of weight gain in college freshmen.

Participants: A longitudinal cohort study followed a representative sample of freshmen (N = 264) from 8/2011 to 6/2012.

Methods: Repeated measurements of anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), physical activity, and diet were collected.

Genetic and environmental factors are associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in older African Americans.

Background: Low circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is prevalent in African Americans, but predictors of vitamin D status are understudied compared to Caucasian populations.

Objective: We investigated whether certain environmental and genetic factors are predictors of circulating 25(OH)D in 989 elderly African Americans participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study.

Methods: Regression analysis estimated the cross-sectional association of nongenetic (environmental) factors with 25(OH)D.

Dietary intakes of total and specific lignans are associated with clinical breast tumor characteristics.

Dietary lignans may affect breast cancer by modifying tumor characteristics likely to affect prognosis. We investigated usual dietary intakes of total and specific lignans with tumor characteristics in 683 women with breast cancer and 611 healthy women without breast cancer enrolled in the Data Bank and BioRepository at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI). Clinicopathologic data were abstracted from the RPCI breast cancer database.