Direct decarboxylative Giese amidations: photocatalytic metal- and light-free.

A direct intermolecular decarboxylative Giese amidation reaction from bench stable, non-toxic and environmentally benign oxamic acids has been developed, which allows for easy access to 1,4-difunctionalised compounds which are not otherwise readily accessible. Crucially, a more general acceptor substrate scope is now possible, which renders the Giese amidation applicable to more complex substrates such as natural products and chiral building blocks. Two different photocatalytic methods (one oxidative and the other reductive quenching cycles) and one metal- and light-free method were developed and the flexibility provided by different conditions proved to be crucial for enabling a more general substrate scope.

Dabigatran etexilate: An alternative to warfarin for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Purpose: To critically appraise the evidence on dabigatran etexilate, Pradaxa, as an alternative to warfarin for stroke prevention among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. This information can assist nurse practitioners in making informed treatment decisions.

Data Sources: A review of the literature was conducted using CINAHL and PubMed databases.