Comparing Acute IOP-Induced Lamina Cribrosa Deformations Premortem and Postmortem.

Purpose: Lamina cribrosa (LC) deformations caused by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) are believed to contribute to glaucomatous neuropathy and have therefore been extensively studied, in many conditions, from in vivo to ex vivo. We compare acute IOP-induced global and local LC deformations immediately before (premortem) and after (postmortem) sacrifice by exsanguination.

Methods: The optic nerve heads of three healthy monkeys 12 to 15 years old were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography under controlled IOP premortem and postmortem.

Microstructural Deformations Within the Depth of the Lamina Cribrosa in Response to Acute In Vivo Intraocular Pressure Modulation.

Purpose: The lamina cribrosa (LC) is a leading target for initial glaucomatous damage. We investigated the in vivo microstructural deformation within the LC volume in response to acute IOP modulation while maintaining fixed intracranial pressure (ICP).

Methods: In vivo optic nerve head (ONH) spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans (Leica, Chicago, IL, USA) were obtained from eight eyes of healthy adult rhesus macaques (7 animals; ages = 7.

Evaluating Glaucoma Treatment Effect on Intraocular Pressure Reduction Using Propensity Score Weighted Regression.

Observational studies in glaucoma patients can provide important evidence on treatment effects, especially for combination therapies which are often used in reality. But the success relies on the reduction of selection bias through methods such as propensity score (PS) weighting. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of five glaucoma treatments (medication, laser, non-laser surgery (NLS), laser + medication, and NLS + medication) on 1-year intraocular pressure (IOP) change.

Retinal optical coherence tomography image enhancement via deep learning.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retina are a powerful tool for diagnosing and monitoring eye disease. However, they are plagued by speckle noise, which reduces image quality and reliability of assessment. This paper introduces a novel speckle reduction method inspired by the recent successes of deep learning in medical imaging.

Can Macula and Optic Nerve Head Parameters Detect Glaucoma Progression in Eyes with Advanced Circumpapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Damage?

Purpose: To evaluate the ability of OCT optic nerve head (ONH) and macular parameters to detect disease progression in eyes with advanced structural glaucomatous damage of the circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cRNFL).

Design: Longitudinal study.

Participants: Forty-four eyes from 37 patients with advanced average cRNFL damage (≤60 μm) followed up for an average of 4.

Seeing the Hidden Lamina: Effects of Exsanguination on the Optic Nerve Head.

Purpose: To introduce an experimental approach for direct comparison of the primate optic nerve head (ONH) before and after death by exsanguination.

Method: The ONHs of four eyes from three monkeys were imaged with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) before and after exsanguination under controlled IOP. ONH structures, including the Bruch membrane (BM), BM opening, inner limiting membrane (ILM), and anterior lamina cribrosa (ALC) were delineated on 18 virtual radial sections per OCT scan.

Tortuous Pore Path Through the Glaucomatous Lamina Cribrosa.

The lamina cribrosa is a primary site of damage in glaucoma. While mechanical distortion is hypothesized to cause reduction of axoplasmic flow, little is known about how the pores, which contains the retinal ganglion cell axons, traverse the lamina cribrosa. We investigated lamina cribrosa pore paths in vivo to quantify differences in tortuosity of pore paths between healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

Clinical Prediction Performance of Glaucoma Progression Using a 2-Dimensional Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Model with Structural and Functional Measurements.

Purpose: Previously, we introduced a state-based 2-dimensional continuous-time hidden Markov model (2D CT HMM) to model the pattern of detected glaucoma changes using structural and functional information simultaneously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the detected glaucoma change prediction performance of the model in a real clinical setting using a retrospective longitudinal dataset.

Design: Longitudinal, retrospective study.

Location of the Central Retinal Vessel Trunk in the Laminar and Prelaminar Tissue of Healthy and Glaucomatous Eyes.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness that leads to characteristic changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) region, such as nasalization of vessels. It is unknown whether the spatial location of this vessel shift inside the ONH occurs within the lamina cribrosa (LC) or the prelaminar tissue. The purpose of this study was to compare the location of the central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT) in the LC and prelaminar tissue in living healthy and glaucomatous eyes.

Thick Prelaminar Tissue Decreases Lamina Cribrosa Visibility.

Purpose: Evaluation of the effect of prelaminar tissue thickness on visualization of the lamina cribrosa (LC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: The optic nerve head (ONH) region was scanned using OCT. The quality of visible LC microstructure was assessed subjectively using a grading system and objectively by analyzing the signal intensity of each scan's superpixel components.

Decreased Lamina Cribrosa Beam Thickness and Pore Diameter Relative to Distance From the Central Retinal Vessel Trunk.

Purpose: To investigate how the lamina cribrosa (LC) microstructure changes with distance from the central retinal vessel trunk (CRVT), and to determine how this change differs in glaucoma.

Methods: One hundred nineteen eyes (40 healthy, 29 glaucoma suspect, and 50 glaucoma) of 105 subjects were imaged using swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT). The CRVT was manually delineated at the level of the anterior LC surface.

Glaucoma Structural and Functional Progression in American and Korean Cohorts.

Purpose: To compare the rate of glaucoma structural and functional progression in American and Korean cohorts.

Design: Retrospective longitudinal study.

Participants: Three hundred thirteen eyes from 189 glaucoma and glaucoma suspects, followed up for an average of 38 months.

Structural and Functional Evaluations for the Early Detection of Glaucoma.

The early detection of glaucoma is imperative in order to preserve functional vision. Structural and functional methods are utilized to detect and monitor glaucomatous damage and the vision loss it causes. The relationship between these detection measures is complex and differs between individuals, especially in early glaucoma.