ERG and PTEN Role on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Prostate Cancer in the Multiparametric MRI Era.

Background: Our study aimed to correlate ERG and PTEN expressions in prostate biopsy with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging PI-RADS score, clinical reclassification, and prognosis of very low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) patients under active surveillance (AS).

Methods: We evaluated 101 very low-risk PCa patients under AS between 2013 and 2018. They were followed with DRE, PSA, MRI, and re-biopsies every 1-2 years.

Tumor regression after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy in high risk prostate cancer: pathological outcomes from a randomized phase II trial.

Purpose: High-risk localized prostate cancer (HRLPC) commonly progresses to metastatic disease after local treatment. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (nADT) before radical prostatectomy (RP) has recently been suggested to improve early oncological outcomes in HRLPC. We aimed to perform an exploratory analysis of the pathological outcomes from a prospective trial testing nADT before RP.

Artificial Intelligence in Uropathology.

The global population is currently at unprecedented levels, with an estimated 7.8 billion people inhabiting the planet. We are witnessing a rise in cancer cases, attributed to improved control of cardiovascular diseases and a growing elderly population.

Combined expression of JHDM1D/KDM7A gene and long non-coding RNA RP11-363E7.4 as a biomarker for urothelial cancer prognosis.

Bladder cancer is the tenth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally. Classification of high- or low-grade tumors is based on cytological differentiation and is an important prognostic factor. LncRNAs regulate gene expression and play critical roles in the occurrence and development of cancer, however, there are few reports on their diagnostic value and co-expression levels with genes, which may be useful as specific biomarkers for prognosis and therapy in bladder cancer.

Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Gleason Grading Algorithms "in the Wild".

The biopsy Gleason score is an important prognostic marker for prostate cancer patients. It is, however, subject to substantial variability among pathologists. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms employing deep learning have shown their ability to match pathologists' performance in assigning Gleason scores, with the potential to enhance pathologists' grading accuracy.

Enhancing RECK Expression Through miR-21 Inhibition: A Promising Strategy for Bladder Carcinoma Control.

Bladder carcinoma (BC) is the tenth most frequent malignancy worldwide, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Despite recent treatment advances, high-grade BC and muscle-invasive BC present with significant progression and recurrence rates, urging the need for alternative treatments. The microRNA-21 (miR-21) has superexpression in many malignancies and is associated with cellular invasion and progression.

Upregulation of shelterin and CST genes and longer telomeres are associated with unfavorable prognostic characteristics in prostate cancer.

Introduction: Search for new clinical biomarkers targets in prostate cancer (PC) is urgent. Telomeres might be one of these targets. Telomeres are the extremities of linear chromosomes, essential for genome stability and control of cell divisions.

Brazilian Expert Consensus for NTRK Gene Fusion Testing in Solid Tumors.

Oncogenic neurotrophic tropomyosin receptor kinase gene fusions occur in less than 1% of common cancers. These mutations have emerged as new biomarkers in cancer genomic profiling with the approval of selective drugs against tropomyosin receptor kinase fusion proteins. Nevertheless, the optimal pathways and diagnostic platforms for this biomarker's screening and genomic profiling have not been defined and remain a subject of debate.

En Bloc Resection of Bladder Tumors (ERBT) using different lasers - Hybrid and Holmium Laser.

Introduction: The En-bloc Resection of Bladder Tumors (ERBT) is a method that offers more benefits compared to the traditional Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) (1, 2). Recent studies have shown that ERBT offers better pathological analysis and oncological outcomes (3-6). Thulium and holmium are the most frequently used lasers for this procedure, with the hybrid laser being a new addition that combines thulium and diode to improve hemostatic properties (5, 7-9).

LncRNA Is a Key Biomarker for Progression and Modulation of Gemcitabine Sensitivity in Bladder Cancer Cells.

Long non-coding RNAs are frequently found to be dysregulated and are linked to carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and chemoresistance in a variety of tumors. As expression levels of the gene and lncRNA are altered in bladder tumors, we sought to use their combined expression to distinguish between low-and high-grade bladder tumors by RTq-PCR. In addition, we evaluated the functional role of and its association with the modulation of gemcitabine sensitivity in high-grade bladder-tumor cells.

The value of artificial intelligence for detection and grading of prostate cancer in human prostatectomy specimens: a validation study.

Background: The Gleason grading system is an important clinical practice for diagnosing prostate cancer in pathology images. However, this analysis results in significant variability among pathologists, hence creating possible negative clinical impacts. Artificial intelligence methods can be an important support for the pathologist, improving Gleason grade classifications.

Can we use Ki67 expression to predict prostate cancer aggressiveness?

Introduction: specialists have an urge for biomarkers that can discriminate indolent prostate cancer from aggressive tumors. Ki67 is a proliferation marker, and its expression is associated with the aggressiveness of several cancers.

Objective: analyze the expression of Ki67 in prostate cancer samples correlating with the aggressiveness of the disease.

The influence of interstitial cells of Cajal density in the outcomes of pyeloplasty in adults: A prospective analysis.

Purpose: To evaluate if the density of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) influences the outcomes of pyeloplasty in adults.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with the diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) that underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty were included. ICC density was measured using immunohistochemistry reaction for c-KIT expression in the resected UPJ segment.

Pan-cancer analysis reveals that CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex may have a key position in oncology.

Telomere dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of cancer, which puts telomere-associated genes in a prominent position in oncology. The CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex is vital for telomere maintenance and participates in several steps of DNA metabolism, such as repair and replication, essential functions for malignant cells. Despite this, little is known about these genes in cancer biology.

Tissue expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, RECK, and miR338-3p in prostate gland: can it predict cancer?

Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignancy affecting men worldwide. Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the prostate-specific antigen test and the digital rectal exam as screening modalities, several alternatives are being studied. This study aimed to evaluate the application of MMP-9 and its regulators (TIMP-1, RECK, and miR-338-3p) as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of prostate cancer.

Detecting and grading prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens through deep learning techniques.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the ability of deep learning algorithms to detect and grade prostate cancer (PCa) in radical prostatectomy specimens.

Methods: We selected 12 whole-slide images of radical prostatectomy specimens. These images were divided into patches, and then, analyzed and annotated.

MCT1 expression is independently related to shorter cancer-specific survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has been considered a metabolic disease, with loss of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene and consequent overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), which is central for tumor development and progression. Among other effects, HIF-1α is involved in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells towards the Warburg effect involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. In this context, several proteins are expressed by cancer cells, including glucose and lactate transporters as well as different pH regulators.

Disruption of miRNA-mRNA Networks Defines Novel Molecular Signatures for Penile Carcinogenesis.

Penile cancer (PeC) carcinogenesis is not fully understood, and no biomarkers are reported in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate molecular signatures based on miRNA and mRNA and perform an integrative analysis to identify molecular drivers and pathways for PeC development. Affymetrix miRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) comparing 11 tumoral tissues (TT) paired with non-neoplastic tissues (NNT) with further validation in an independent cohort ( = 13).

Prognostic value of TERF1 expression in prostate cancer.

Background: Telomere dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of cancer and is crucial to prostate carcinogenesis. TERF1 is a gene essential to telomere maintenance, and its dysfunction has already been associates with several cancers. TERF1 is a target of miR-155, and this microRNA can inhibit its expression and promotes carcinogenesis in breast cancer.

Telomeric zinc-finger associated protein (TZAP) in cancer biology: friend or foe?

The new identified protein telomeric zinc-finger associated protein (TZAP) is a negative regulator of telomere length. Since telomere length and telomere maintenance mechanisms are essential to cancer progression, TZAP is considered a new player in cancer biology. Here we aimed to analyze TZAP using the Cancer Genome Atlas data in a Pan-Cancer approach.

Histological Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma Predict No Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Background: Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) has been adopted as a standard of care related to better survival outcomes. However, there is a considerable number of patients who do not respond, experiencing toxicity and delay in the surgical treatment. Our aim is to find biomarkers of response that could be easily adopted in the clinical practice.

High CD39 expression is associated with the non-muscle-invasive phenotype of human bladder cancer.

Background: An accurate prediction of progression is critical to define the management of bladder cancer (BC). The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 play strategic roles in calibrating purinergic signals via an extracellular balance between ATP and adenosine. The altered expression of these enzymes plays a potential role in tumor invasion and metastasis, therefore, has been proposed to be used for prognosis of solid tumor.