Therapeutic interventions to reduce the risk of progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Clinical trials have demonstrated that it is possible to prevent diabetes through lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention, and surgery. This review aims to summarize the effectiveness of these various therapeutic interventions in reducing the risk of progression of prediabetes to diabetes, and address the challenges to implement a diabetes prevention program at a community level. Strategies focusing on intensive lifestyle changes are not only efficient but cost-effective and/or cost-saving.

[Relationship of pattern hyperlipidic intake with quality of diet, insulin resistance and homocysteinemia in adults].

Objectives: To evaluate the association between the consumption of different dietary fats with the quality of the diet, insulin resistance, and hyperhomocysteinemia in adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 624 overweight subjects (73.7% females).

Dietary variety is a protective factor for elevated systolic blood pressure.

Background: Diet directly influences systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), which is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

Objective: To associate hypertension with dietary factors in adults clinically selected for a change-of-lifestyle program.

Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 335 individuals, aged between 44 and 65 years, clinically selected for a change-of-lifestyle program.

Association of dyslipidemia with intakes of fruit and vegetables and the body fat content of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program.

To investigate the relationship of dyslipidemia with demographic distribution and patterns of body fat and dietary intakes. From a universe of adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program 979 subjects (409 males and 570 females, 52.2 +/- 9.

Dental and gastrointestinal changes as indicators of nutritional depletion in elderly inpatients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the associations between the nutritional status of elderly patients and length of hospital stay and presence of dental and gastrointestinal changes.

Casuistic And Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric and food intake indicators, dental and gastrointestinal changes and length of hospital stay of 441 elderly patients of both genders. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to verify the correlation between the nutritional status of the elderly patients and length of hospital stay and presence of dental and gastrointestinal changes.

Long-term nutrition education reduces several risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Brazilians with impaired glucose tolerance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nutrition education program (NEP) on anthropometric, dietetic, and metabolic parameters in high-risk subjects for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fifty-one participants, both sexes, were randomly assigned to either the control (58.8%) or the intervention (NEP) group.

Dialysis adequacy and nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.

To characterize the nutritional status of renal failure patients and its relationship with hemodialysis adequacy measured by Kt/V, a study was carried out with a population of 44 adult patients with renal failure and mean age 51+/-15 years. Anthropometric data, such as dry weight, height, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm muscle circumference, and body mass index were assessed, and biochemical tests were conducted for urea, potassium, creatinine, serum albumin, and phosphorus levels, in addition to hemogram and quarterly urea reduction rate average (Kt/V). In order to evaluate calorie intake, a dietary questionnaire on habitual daily food ingestion was administered, taking into consideration the hemodialysis date.