Marketing and child feeding.

Objective: To carry out a narrative review on the use of marketing strategies in child nutrition, as well as potential implications for health professionals and children.

Data Source: Searches were carried out on the PubMed, SciELO, and Google platforms, using the terms "child nutrition" or "industrialized baby food" or "infant formula" or "breast milk" or "breastfeeding" and "marketing", with original articles, review articles, institutional reports, institutional position documents and websites considered relevant to the topic being analyzed.

Data Synthesis: Children's food marketing started with the industrialization of food and the resulting actions aimed at increasing sales and meeting commercial interests.

Blenderized tube feeding for children: an integrative review.

Objective: To analyze scientific evidence on the use of blenderized tube feeding in children regarding nutritional composition, family satisfaction, and health outcomes.

Data Source: Survey was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases using the following search terms: blenderized tube feeding OR blended tube feeding OR homemade OR pureed AND enteral nutrition AND enteral tube. The methodological quality of the selected articles was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme and Hierarchical Classification of Evidence.

Breastfeeding increases microbial community resilience.

Objective: Since the present group had already described the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Brazilian infants under low social economic level, the aim of the present study was to analyze the microbial community structure changes in this group of infants during their early life due to external factors.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 11 infants monthly during the first year of life. The infants were followed regarding clinical and diet information and characterized according to breastfeeding practices.

Do infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate levels of vitamin D?

Objective: To verify whether infants with cow's milk protein allergy have inadequate vitamin D levels.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 120 children aged 2 years or younger, one group with cow's milk protein allergy and a control group. The children were recruited at the pediatric gastroenterology, allergology, and pediatric outpatient clinics of a university hospital in the Northeast of Brazil.

Characteristics of Dysphagia in Infants with Microcephaly Caused by Congenital Zika Virus Infection, Brazil, 2015.

We summarize the characteristics of dysphagia in 9 infants in Brazil with microcephaly caused by congenital Zika virus infection. The Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, and the videofluoroscopic swallowing study were used as noninstrumental and instrumental assessments. All infants had a degree of neurologic damage and showed abnormalities in the oral phase.

Anaerobic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota of Brazilian children.

Objective:: Changes in the neonatal gut environment allow for the colonization of the mucin layer and lumen by anaerobic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus colonization through the first year of life in a group of 12 Brazilian infants and to correlate these data with the levels of Escherichia coli. The presence of anaerobic members of the adult intestinal microbiota, including Eubacterium limosum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, was also evaluated.

Acute diarrhea: evidence-based management.

Objectives: To describe the current recommendations on the best management of pediatric patients with acute diarrheal disease.

Data Source: PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar.

Data Summary: There has been little progress in the use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) in recent decades, despite being widely reported by international guidelines.

Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).

Objective: To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate a specific questionnaire for the evaluation of celiac children and adolescents, the celiac disease DUX (CDDUX).

Methods: The steps suggested by Reichenheim and Moraes (2007) were followed to obtain conceptual, item, semantic, operational, and measurement equivalences. Four pediatric gastroenterologists; a researcher with tool validation background; three English teachers; and 33 celiac patients, aged 8-18 years, and their caregivers participated in the study.

Influence of preeclampsia and gestational obesity in maternal and newborn levels of vitamin D.

Background: In recent years, a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency amongst pregnant women and newborns has been observed throughout several regions of the world, especially in the presence of preeclampsia (PE) or obesity (OB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether nonobese and obese preeclamptic pregnant women and their newborns have low 25(OH)D compared with nonobese and obese nonpreeclamptic pregnant women; and to verify whether the maternal level of this vitamin correlates with the newborns' level.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 179 pregnant women recruited immediately before delivery, divided into four groups: PE(+)/OB(-); PE(+)/OB(+); PE(-)/OB(+); and PE(-)/OB(-), with gestational age ≥ 34 weeks.

Influence of Enteral Nutrition on Occurrences of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of enteral feeding management on occurrences of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in a sample of 1028 VLBW infants (750 to 1499 g) admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit between January 2003 and May 2008. "Cases" were infants born with VLBW and diagnosed with NEC within the first 30 days of life, and "controls" were VLBW infants who did not develop NEC during this period.

High abundance of Escherichia during the establishment of fecal microbiota in Brazilian children.

The sequence of bacterial events that occurs during the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract may affect the future health of the host. A clear understanding of the colonization process of the human neonatal gut in developing countries is lacking because the few available studies were mostly performed using culture techniques. Using molecular approaches, this study analyzed the fecal microbiota of children of low socioeconomic status in São Paulo, Brazil, during their first year of life.

Establishment of the bacterial fecal community during the first month of life in Brazilian newborns.

Objective: The establishment of the intestinal microbiota in newborns is a critical period with possible long-term consequences for human health. In this research, the development of the fecal microbiota of a group of exclusively breastfed neonates living in low socio-economic conditions in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during the first month of life, was studied.

Methods: Fecal samples were collected from ten neonates on the second, seventh, and 30(th) days after birth.

[Seroprevalence of celiac disease at a general pediatric outpatient clinic].

Background: Celiac disease is a common problem affecting children and adults, for which early diagnosis and treatment prevent complications and deaths. Seroprevalence studies in our environment are still scarce.

Aims: To determine the seroprevalence of celiac disease by using human tissue antiendomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies, among children and adolescents who were attended at a general pediatric outpatient clinic.

[Celiac disease in a group of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus].

To know the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in a group of children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus. A cross sectional study was conducted at the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco (IMIP) in March 2000. The sample consisted of 19 children and adolescents with type I diabetes mellitus that had the human anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies assessed using kits from the Eurospital Laboratory.