Sleep, hunger, satiety, food cravings, and caloric intake in adolescents.

Background And Purpose: Prevalence of adolescent obesity has increased worldwide. Although diet and exercise patterns are major determinants of weight, recent studies with adults and children have shown that total amount of sleep is inversely associated with body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to examine associations among total sleep time (TST), hunger, satiety, food cravings, and caloric intake in a sample of healthy adolescents.

Insomnia on dialysis nights: the beneficial effects of cool dialysate.

Background: Hemodialysis (HD) induces physiological changes that may affect the ability to dissipate heat and adversely affect sleep on the nights following treatment. We studied the effects of altering dialysate temperature on polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep and the time course of proximal skin temperature.

Methods: The sample included seven stable HD patients.

Sleep/Wake patterns of individuals with advanced cancer measured by ambulatory polysomnography.

Purpose: Sleep/wake disturbances are prevalent in patients with advanced cancer, but 24-hour polysomnography (PSG) examinations of these patterns have not been undertaken. The purpose of this study was to describe these sleep/wake patterns using continuous PSG and to explore relationships with selected demographic and clinical variables.

Patients And Methods: The sample included patients with advanced cancer (solid tumors); those with neurologic disorders or psychosis, substance abuse, or brain metastasis were excluded.

Lowering dialysate temperature improves sleep and alters nocturnal skin temperature in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Hemodialysis (HD) induces physiological changes that may affect the ability to dissipate heat and adversely affect sleep. We studied the effects of altering dialysate temperature on polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep and the time course of proximal skin temperature. The sample included seven stable HD patients.

A retrospective examination of the relationship between body mass index and polysomnographic measures of sleep in adolescents.

Total sleep time is inversely related to body mass index (BMI) in adults and children, an observation not well characterized in the adolescent population. We conducted a retrospective chart review that indicated certain sleep disruptions were associated with increased BMI by polysomnography in this group.

A secondary analysis of racial differences in periodic leg movements in sleep and ferritin in hemodialysis patients.

Background And Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) is associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS), but the mechanisms underlying these relationships remain unclear. African-American HD patients have been reported previously to have a reduced likelihood of RLS. Alterations in iron metabolism, known to be a risk factor for idiopathic forms of RLS, could represent the basis for these racial differences.

Age changes in timing and 24-hour distribution of self-reported sleep.

Objective: Aging has been associated with increased nocturnal awakenings, increased napping, earlier bedtimes and wake-up times, and more regular sleep-wake schedules. These patterns have often been ascribed to both psychosocial and medical factors, but nearly all studies to-date have been cross-sectional.

Methods: The authors present self-reported sleep data from 31 elderly subjects followed over a decade.

Sleep wake disturbances in people with cancer and their caregivers: state of the science.

Purpose/objectives: To review the state of the science on sleep/wake disturbances in people with cancer and their caregivers.

Data Sources: Published articles, books and book chapters, conference proceedings, and MEDLINE, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library computerized databases.

Data Synthesis: Scientists have initiated studies on the prevalence of sleep/wake disturbances and the etiology of sleep disturbances specific to cancer.

Symptom interactions as mechanisms underlying symptom pairs and clusters.

Purpose: To present a summary of the potential shared or interactive mechanisms underlying an exemplar symptom pair: sleep disturbances and pain.

Organizing Construct: Understanding of the multidimensional shared and interactive mechanisms underlying symptoms pairs and clusters has the potential to enhance symptom management.

Methods: Reviews of the literature were conducted to search for information on shared or interactive mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances and pain; minimal data were available.

Polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep in patients on chronic, intermittent daytime haemodialysis vs those with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Numerous factors probably contribute to the high prevalence of sleep problems in haemodialysis (HD) patients including metabolic changes and treatment-related factors. In contrast, the sleep problems of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be more related to psychological factors rather than the metabolic changes associated with renal disease. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare polysomnographic measures of nocturnal sleep in a group of stable patients on chronic, intermittent daytime HD and an age- and gender-matched, metabolically comparable group with CKD, and evaluate the role that quality of life (including psychological factors) and the effects of treatment may play in sleep outcomes.

A model for teaching research ethics.

A model is described for implementing a program in research ethics education in the face of federal and institutional mandates and current resource, disciplinary, and infrastructure limitations. Also discussed are the historical background, content and evaluation process of the workshop at the heart of the program, which reaches a diverse group of over 250 students per year--from first-year graduate students in basic research labs to clinical fellows. The workshop addresses central issues in both everyday laboratory ethics and in larger societal questions.

Sleep in infants and young children: part two: common sleep problems.

Approximately 25% of children younger than 5 years experience some type of sleep problem. Whether the problem is acute or chronic, significant disruption to the child's sleep can occur and have a negative impact on the child and family. This article is the second in a two-part series on sleep in infants and young children.

Sleep in infants and young children: Part one: normal sleep.

The importance of sleep to overall health and well-being is becoming increasingly appreciated; however, clinicians may not have a sound understanding of the fundamentals of sleep. This review of normal pediatric sleep is meant to provide a foundation for the pediatric nurse practitioner to develop and use in clinical practice. Key concepts such as normal sleep physiology including biological rhythms and stages of sleep are discussed.

Nocturnal sleep, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in stable patients on hemodialysis.

Background: Although considerable progress has been made in the treatment of chronic kidney disease, compromised quality of life continues to be a significant problem for patients receiving hemodialysis (HD). However, in spite of the high prevalence of sleep complaints and disorders in this population, the relationship between these problems and quality of life remains to be well characterized. Thus, we studied a sample of stable HD patients to explore relationships between quality of life and both subjective and objective measures of nocturnal sleep and daytime sleepiness

Methods: The sample included forty-six HD patients, 24 men and 22 women, with a mean age of 51.

Sleep disturbances in dialysis patients.

Sleep disturbances are extremely common in dialysis patients. Subjective sleep complaints are reported in up to 80% of those surveyed and sleep apnoea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder are much more prevalent than in the general population. Excessive daytime sleepiness is also an important problem.

Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.

Restless leg syndrome and PLMD are nocturnal movement disorders associated with significant adverse effects on the health and well-being of patients and their families [66]. Although the pathophysiological basis remains to be fully described, current research points to abnormalities in CNS function and neurotransmitter systems. The accurate diagnosis of RLS and PMD requires a thorough history, physical examination, diagnostic tests, and often, a referral to a sleep disorders specialist.

Daytime sleepiness in stable hemodialysis patients.

Background: Patients frequently sleep during hemodialysis (HD), a behavior often attributed to treatment-related fatigue and/or simple boredom. The possibility that this behavior reflects a more pervasive underlying increase in daytime sleepiness has never been systematically examined. Thus, we studied a sample of HD patients on an off-dialysis day to establish the presence or absence of daytime sleepiness independent of effects of treatment, quantify its severity, and identify associated demographic, metabolic, and sleep-related variables.

Sleep and heart failure.

Sleep problems and symptoms of sleep disturbance are very prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF). Numerous contributing factors include sleep-related breathing disorders, increasing age, medications, anxiety and depression, and comorbidities. Thus, the cardiovascular nurse has an important role in the recognition and management of sleep-related problems in persons with HF.