Association between magnetic resonance imaging use and recovery time following concussion: a CARE consortium study.

Researchers may implement magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate neurophysiological metrics (e.g. connectivity) in athletes with sports-related concussion (SRC).

Sport-Specific Recovery Trajectories for NCAA Collegiate Athletes Following Concussion.

The recovery trajectories of collegiate athletes with sport-related concussion (SRC) are well characterized in contact/collision sports but are less well understood in limited contact sports with lower risk, reducing the ability of clinicians to effectively manage the return-to-play (RTP) process. The current study investigated the time to asymptomatic and RTP across a broad range of male and female collegiate sports and sought to group sports by recovery intervals. Data from the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium included 1049 collegiate athletes who sustained a SRC while participating in game or practice/training of their primary sport.

Estimating the Relationship Between the Symptom-Free Waiting Period and Injury Rates After Return-to-Play from Concussion: A Simulation Analysis Using CARE Consortium Data.

Background: A key component of return-to-play (RTP) from sport-related concussion is the symptom-free waiting period (SFWP), i.e., the period during which athletes must remain symptom-free before permitting RTP.

Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts.

Introduction: People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment.

Methods: Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ , Aβ , and Aβ levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239).

Plasma NT1-tau and Aβ correlate with age and cognitive function in two large Down syndrome cohorts.

Introduction: People with Down syndrome (DS) often develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Here we asked whether ultrasensitive plasma immunoassays for a tau N-terminal fragment (NT1-tau) and Aβ isoforms predict cognitive impairment.

Methods: Plasma NT1-tau, Aβ , Aβ , and Aβ levels were measured in a longitudinal discovery cohort (N = 85 participants, 220 samples) and a cross-sectional validation cohort (N = 239).

Primitive Reflexes and Dementia in Adults With Down Syndrome.

Background And Objectives: To determine whether primitive reflexes serve as an indicator of dementia in adults with Down syndrome (DS), we collected neurologic examination data, cognitive and behavioral assessments, and clinical consensus diagnoses of dementia from 92 adults with DS.

Methods: In a cross-sectional, observational study of a regional cohort, χ and Fisher exact tests examined individual reflexes across the diagnostic group (no, possible, or probable dementia). In 64 participants with all 8 reflexes assessed, the number of primitive reflexes was assessed as a predictor of diagnosis using age-controlled multinomial logistic regression and of performance on clinical assessments (Brief Praxis Test [BPT], Severe Impairment Battery [SIB], and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities [DLD]) using age-adjusted linear regression.

Evaluating Adult Decision-Making Modifiers in Support of Youth Contact-Sport Participation.

Context: Nearly 44 million youth participate in organized youth sports programs in the United States each year. However, approximately 25% of parents have considered removing their children from sports due to the fear of concussion.

Objective: To determine which adult decision-making modifiers (eg, gender, educational attainment, career type) influenced support for youth contact-sports participation.

Investigation of Aerobic and Muscular Fitness and Concussion Among Service Academy Cadets at the United States Air Force Academy: Results from the CARE Consortium.

Introduction: Concussion has become the signature injury facing the U.S. military.

Selective Impairment of Long-Range Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity as a Biomarker for Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease in People with Down Syndrome.

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In neurotypical individuals, clinical AD is preceded by reduced resting state functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN), but it is unknown whether changes in DMN connectivity predict clinical onset of AD in DS.

Objective: Does lower DMN functional connectivity predict clinical onset of AD and cognitive decline in people with DS?

Methods: Resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI), longitudinal neuropsychological, and clinical assessment data were collected on 15 nondemented people with DS (mean age = 51.

Data-Driven Risk Classification of Concussion Rates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Concussion is a growing public health concern and generating concussion prevention programs depends on identifying high-risk sports and characteristics. Identifying the roles of sport, sex, and participation level (e.g.

Detailed description of Division I ice hockey concussions: Findings from the NCAA and Department of Defense CARE Consortium.

Objective: Since concussion is the most common injury in ice hockey, the objective of the current study was to elucidate risk factors, specific mechanisms, and clinical presentations of concussion in men's and women's ice hockey.

Methods: Ice hockey players from 5 institutions participating in the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium were eligible for the current study. Participants who sustained a concussion outside of this sport were excluded.

The Relationship between Sport-Related Concussion and Sensation-Seeking.

Sensation-seeking, or the need for novel and exciting experiences, is thought to play a role in sport-related concussion (SRC), yet much remains unknown regarding these relationships and, more importantly, how sensation-seeking influences SRC risk. The current study assessed sensation-seeking, sport contact level, and SRC history and incidence in a large sample of NCAA collegiate athletes. Data included a full study sample of 22,374 baseline evaluations and a sub-sample of 2037 incident SRC.

Longitudinal assessment of dementia measures in Down syndrome.

Introduction: Early detection of dementia symptoms is critical in Down syndrome (DS) but complicated by clinical assessment barriers. The current study aimed to characterize cognitive and behavioral impairment using longitudinal trajectories comparing several measures of cognitive and behavioral functioning.

Methods: Measures included global cognitive status (Severe Impairment Battery [SIB]), motor praxis (Brief Praxis Test [BPT]), and clinical dementia informant ratings (Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities [DLD]).

Feasibility of dual-task gait to estimate Alzheimer's related cognitive decline in Down syndrome.

Introduction: The striatum and frontal lobes have been shown to have early Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology and are critical for motor and cognitive function. We hypothesized gait would be associated with early-stage dementia in Down syndrome (DS), a cohort at risk for AD.

Methods: Twenty-eight participants with DS were enrolled in the study.

Serum extracellular vesicle miR-203a-3p content is associated with skeletal muscle mass and protein turnover during disuse atrophy and regrowth.

Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of skeletal muscle size, and circulating miRNAs within extracellular vesicles (EVs) may contribute to atrophy and its associated systemic effects. The purpose of this study was to understand how muscle atrophy and regrowth alter in vivo serum EV miRNA content. We also associated changes in serum EV miRNA with protein synthesis, protein degradation, and miRNA within muscle, kidney, and liver.

Concussion-Recovery Trajectories Among Tactical Athletes: Results From the CARE Consortium.

Context: Assessments of the duration of concussion recovery have primarily been limited to sport-related concussions and male contact sports. Furthermore, whereas durations of symptoms and return-to-activity (RTA) protocols encompass total recovery, the trajectory of each duration has not been examined separately.

Objective: To identify individual (eg, demographics, medical history), initial concussion injury (eg, symptoms), and external (eg, site) factors associated with symptom duration and RTA-protocol duration after concussion.

Test-Retest Reliability of Concussion Baseline Assessments in United States Service Academy Cadets: A Report from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)-Department of Defense (DoD) CARE Consortium.

Objective: In response to advancing clinical practice guidelines regarding concussion management, service members, like athletes, complete a baseline assessment prior to participating in high-risk activities. While several studies have established test stability in athletes, no investigation to date has examined the stability of baseline assessment scores in military cadets. The objective of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of a baseline concussion test battery in cadets at U.

Evaluating Performance of National Hockey League Players After a Concussion Versus Lower Body Injury.

Context: Concussions elicit changes in brain function that may extend well beyond clinical symptom recovery. Whether these changes produce meaningful deficits outside the laboratory environment is unclear. The results of player performance postconcussion within professional sports have been mixed.

Concussion and National Hockey League Player Performance: An Advanced Hockey Metrics Analysis.

Context: Postconcussion deficits in neurocognitive performance and postural control may persist at the time of return to sport participation. How these deficits, if present, affect athletic performance is largely unknown, with prior studies showing mixed results.

Objective: To evaluate postconcussion National Hockey League player performance using advanced hockey metrics over short- (5 games), medium- (10 games), and long-term (remainder of the season) seasonal performance.

A cohort study to identify and evaluate concussion risk factors across multiple injury settings: findings from the CARE Consortium.

Background: Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury, is a major public health concern affecting 42 million individuals globally each year. However, little is known regarding concussion risk factors across all concussion settings as most concussion research has focused on only sport-related or military-related concussive injuries.

Methods: The current study is part of the Concussion, Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium, a multi-site investigation on the natural history of concussion.