Recruitment and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Lifestyle Improvement Through Food and Exercise (LIFE) Study.

African Americans experience poorer diabetes outcomes than non-Hispanic Whites. Few clinical trials of diabetes self-management interventions specifically target African Americans, perhaps due to well-documented barriers to recruitment in this population. This paper describes strategies used to successfully recruit 211 low-income African Americans from community clinics of a large, urban public hospital system to a randomized clinical trial of an 18-month diabetes self-management intervention.

A Systematic Review of Literature on Culturally Adapted Obesity Prevention Interventions for African American Youth.

Obesity and overweight prevalence in African American (AA) youth continues to be one of the highest of all major ethnic groups, which has led researchers to pursue culturally based approaches as a means to improve obesity prevention interventions. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate culturally adapted obesity prevention interventions targeting AA youth. A search of electronic databases, limited to multicomponent culturally adapted obesity prevention controlled trials from 2003 to 2013, was conducted for key terms.

Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure Following Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.

Background: There is no consensus whether resting energy expenditure (REE) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is altered.

Methods: The objectives of this investigation were to describe changes in measured REE (mREE) using indirect calorimetry in 25 OLT patients on days 5, 10, and 15 after baseline (within 72 hours following OLT) and compare mREE changes with those calculated with 2 predicted equations for energy expenditure (pREE): the Harris-Benedict and Schofield equations.

Results: Patients were 57 ± 5.

Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners.

It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics that consumers can safely enjoy a range of nutritive sweeteners and nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS) when consumed within an eating plan that is guided by current federal nutrition recommendations, such as the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes, as well as individual health goals and personal preference. A preference for sweet taste is innate and sweeteners can increase the pleasure of eating. Nutritive sweeteners contain carbohydrate and provide energy.

The use of prealbumin and C-reactive protein for monitoring nutrition support in adult patients receiving enteral nutrition in an urban medical center.

Background: Serum prealbumin (PAB) is commonly used to assess protein status and is often used to monitor the response to nutrition support. However, during inflammation, the liver synthesizes acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) at the expense of PAB.

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether changes in PAB reflect the delivery of adequate nutrients or changes in inflammatory status in hospitalized adults (≥18 years) receiving enteral nutrition (n = 154).

State of the evidence regarding behavior change theories and strategies in nutrition counseling to facilitate health and food behavior change.

Behavior change theories and models, validated within the field of dietetics, offer systematic explanations for nutrition-related behavior change. They are integral to the nutrition care process, guiding nutrition assessment, intervention, and outcome evaluation. The American Dietetic Association Evidence Analysis Library Nutrition Counseling Workgroup conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature related to behavior change theories and strategies used in nutrition counseling.

Cultural perceptions of health and diabetes among Native American men.

Diabetes continues to affect minority populations disproportionately, especially Native Americans. Identifying culturally-specific definitions of health and diabetes is critically important for relevant and effective diabetes prevention programs. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 Native American men from two tribal clinics.

Registered dietitian prescriptive practices in hospitals.

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to describe the level of prescriptive authority and explore barriers to obtaining prescriptive authority of registered dietitians in acute health care facilities. A sample of 1,500 clinical nutrition managers was electronically surveyed; data from 351 respondents (23% response rate) were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi(2) tests. Many (54%) respondents reported no prescriptive authority, 36% reported dependent prescriptive authority, and 10% reported independent prescriptive authority.

Most commonly consumed foods and food perceptions in Native American women.

Objective: To identify commonly consumed foods and the relationship of health perception on food intakes.

Methods: One hundred seventy-five Native American women completed a 1-d or 4-d food records. Perceptions of health value were obtained by the food sort method.

A diabetes prevention assessment tool for American Indians.

Introduction: American Indians have a disproportionately higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Few data are available about the perceptions of diabetes among American Indians, and no culturally appropriate tools are available for assessment of perceptions related to health and diabetes.

Methods: A diabetes prevention assessment tool was developed to measure perceptions of health and diabetes among American Indians.

Impact of core and secondary foods on nutritional composition of diets in Native-American women.

Objective: To identify the core and secondary foods among Native-American women in Oklahoma and to determine their impact on nutrient and Food Guide Pyramid serving intakes.

Design: This descriptive study explored food intakes from 4-day weighed food records. Nutrient intakes were estimated using reference data used in national survey data.

Social and cultural barriers to diabetes prevention in Oklahoma American Indian women.

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes is disproportionately higher among minority populations, especially American Indians. Prevention or delay of diabetes in this population would improve quality of life and reduce health care costs. Identifying cultural definitions of health and diabetes is critically important to developing effective diabetes prevention programs.

Emic perspectives of body weight in overweight and obese white women with limited income.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of body weight from emic perspectives of limited-income overweight and obese white women.

Design: In-depth individual interviews, including the use of contour drawings and body dissatisfaction parameters.

Setting: All methods were conducted in the homes of the research participants.

Patterns of continuing professional education in registered dietitians and dietetic technicians, registered.

This study compared the continuing professional education (CPE) activities of registered dietitians (RDs) with those of dietetic technicians, registered (DTRs). A descriptive research study was used with data from the baseline survey evaluating the Commission on Dietetic Registration's (CDR) Professional Development Portfolio. The survey was sent to 3,530 randomly selected RDs and DTRs; 1,429 surveys were returned (40.

Personal attributes and job competencies needed by EFNEP paraprofessionals as perceived by EFNEP professionals.

Objective: To determine the personal attributes and job competencies that are necessary for the job success of Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) paraprofessionals as perceived by EFNEP professionals.

Design: A qualitative descriptive design and a 3-round modified Delphi methodology was used.

Participants: A convenience sample of 14 state and 20 county EFNEP professionals participated in all 3 Delphi rounds.