Retrospective investigation of Echinococcus canadensis emergence in translocated elk (Cervus canadensis) in Tennessee, USA, and examination of canid definitive hosts.

Background: Few reports of Echinococcus spp. have been described in the USA; however, the geographical distribution of Echinococcus spp. in wild hosts is increasing consequent to human activities.

Detection of in Wild Birds Admitted to a Rehabilitation Center, Florida, USA.

We screened raptors (=188) and columbids (=2) presenting to a Tampa, Florida, US rehabilitation center from June 2016 to April 2017 for . One juvenile Cooper's Hawk () was culture- and PCR-positive and sequencing identified as genotype E1. A subset of culture-negative (10%, =19) samples were negative via PCR.

Artificially decreased dissolved oxygen increases the persistence of in water.

Water containing organic material has been shown to increase the persistence of the avian pathogenic protozoa, . We hypothesized that the decrease in dissolved oxygen due to microbes in the organic material could increase persistence of the microaerophilic trichomonads. Using simulated birdbaths, we determined 1) the levels of dissolved oxygen in distilled water with various amounts of organic material, 2) the concentration of the oxygen-scavenging enzyme Oxyrase needed to achieve the dissolved oxygen levels obtained in organic material contaminated water, and finally, 3) the persistence of two isolates in Oxyrase®-supplemented water.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TRICHOMONAS GALLINAE AND TRICHOMONOSIS IN GOLDEN EAGLE ( AQUILA CHRYSAETOS) NESTLINGS IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA.

Avian trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, affects bird-eating raptors worldwide. Raptors can develop trichomonosis by feeding on infected prey, particularly Rock Pigeons (C olumba livia), which are a reservoir for T. gallinae.

Persistence of Two Isolates of Trichomonas gallinae in Simulated Bird Baths With and Without Organic Material.

Trichomonas gallinae, a well-documented protozoan parasite of avian hosts, has been implicated in major passerine mortality events recently and historically throughout the literature. It has been suggested that bird baths and artificial water sources could serve as a source of infection for naive birds; however, trichomonad persistence in water is not well understood. We measured the persistence of T.

Use of FTA technology for detection of Trichomonas gallinae.

Trichomonas gallinae is the causative agent for avian trichomonosis, which can have important population implications for domestic turkeys, columbids, raptors, and various passeriformes. Continued population surveillance and genotype distribution is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and prevalence of T. gallinae among free-ranging birds.

Survey for Trichomonas gallinae in Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) from the Rolling Plains Ecoregion, Oklahoma and Texas, USA.

Northern Bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) have been in decline throughout the southeastern US. Prevalence of Trichomonas gallinae in wild bobwhites is unknown, although T. gallinae caused morbidity and mortality in experimentally infected bobwhites.

Trichomonas gallinae Persistence in Four Water Treatments.

Trichomonas gallinae is a protozoan parasite commonly found in columbids, passerines, and several raptor species. Although T. gallinae is thought to spread between individuals and across species through shared water sources, little research has been conducted regarding the persistence of T.