A Visual Comparison of Silent Error Propagation.

High-performance computing (HPC) systems play a critical role in facilitating scientific discoveries. Their scale and complexity (e.g.

SpotSDC: Revealing the Silent Data Corruption Propagation in High-Performance Computing Systems.

The trend of rapid technology scaling is expected to make the hardware of high-performance computing (HPC) systems more susceptible to computational errors due to random bit flips. Some bit flips may cause a program to crash or have a minimal effect on the output, but others may lead to silent data corruption (SDC), i.e.