Developing an e-Prehabilitation System of Care for Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer: User-Centered Design Study.

Background: A diagnosis of cancer in adolescence or young adulthood can pose many different and unique challenges for individuals, as well as their families and friends. Drawing on the concept of prehabilitation, the provision of high-quality, accessible, timely, reliable, and appropriate information, care, and support for young adults with cancer and their families is critical to ensure that they feel equipped and empowered to make informed decisions relating to their treatment and care. Increasingly, digital health interventions offer opportunities to augment current health care information and support provision.

Building a Research Roadmap for Caregiver Innovation: Findings from a Multi-Stakeholder Consultation and Evaluation.

Across the world, informal (unpaid) caregiving has become the predominant model for community care: in the UK alone, there are an estimated 6.5 million caregivers supporting family members and friends on a regular basis, saving health and social care services approximately £132 billion per year. Despite our collective reliance on this group (particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic), quality of life for caregivers is often poor and there is an urgent need for disruptive innovations.

Retinoic Acid Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Through Activation of Autophagy.

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) is a common complication in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy. But the effective therapies for CIAKI are not available. Retinoic acid (RA), the main derivative of vitamin A, has the potential to reduce inflammation and fibrosis in renal injury.

Diurnal patterns of objectively measured sedentary time and interruptions to sedentary time are associated with glycaemic indices in type 2 diabetes.

Objectives: To investigate diurnal patterns of sedentary time and interruptions to sedentary time and their associations with achievement of pre-meal glucose, post-meal glucose, bedtime glucose and the dawn phenomenon targets and with duration of hypoglycaemia, euglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and above target range.

Design: Intensive longitudinal study.

Methods: In 37 adults with type 2 diabetes, the FreeStyle Libre and activPAL3 were used to monitor glucose and sedentary time and interruptions to sedentary time in the morning (07:00-12:00), afternoon (12:00-17:00) and evening (17:00-23:00) for 14 days.

Contingency management for smoking cessation among individuals with type 2 diabetes: protocol for a multi-center randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who smoke are at increased risk for many types of cancers as well as an accelerated progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Smoking cessation is recommended as a standard treatment for T2D; however, individuals with T2D are faced with competing lifestyle changes. Glycemic and blood pressure control often take precedence over smoking cessation, and patients are often unmotivated to quit.

Impact of free-living pattern of sedentary behaviour on intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate how the pattern of sedentary behaviour affects intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This intensive longitudinal study was conducted in 37 participants with type 2 diabetes (age, 62.8 ± 10.

Digital Interventions to Support Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Systematic Review.

Background: The last decade has seen an increase in the number of digital health interventions designed to support adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer.

Objective: The objective of this review was to identify, characterize, and fully assess the quality, feasibility, and efficacy of existing digital health interventions developed specifically for AYAs, aged between 13 and 39 years, living with or beyond a cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science to identify digital health interventions designed specifically for AYA living with or beyond a cancer diagnosis.

Methods for combining continuously measured glucose and activity data in people with Type 2 diabetes: Challenges and solutions.

Aims: To present the novel application of combining continuously measured glucose with continuous accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour data and discusses the principles used and challenges faced in combining and analysing these two sets of data in the context of diabetes management.

Methods: The background and rationale for exploring glucose, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in people with Type 2 diabetes is presented, the paper outlines the technologies used, the individual data extraction and finally the combined data analysis. A case study approach is used to illustrate the application of the combined data processing and analysis.

Dose-response between frequency of breaks in sedentary time and glucose control in type 2 diabetes: A proof of concept study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate dose-response between frequency of breaks in sedentary time and glucose control.

Design: Randomised three-treatment, two-period balanced incomplete block trial.

Methods: Twelve adults with type 2 diabetes (age, 60±11years; body mass index, 30.

The associations of sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with 24-hour glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of accelerometer-assessed sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with 24-h events and duration of hypoglycaemia (<3.9 mmol/l), euglycaemia (3.9-7.

An e-Prehabilitation System of Care for Teenagers and Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer: Protocol for a Qualitative Co-Design Study.

Background: A diagnosis of cancer in young adulthood can pose many different and unique challenges for individuals. The provision of adequate and appropriate information as well as care and support for teenagers and young adults at the time of diagnosis is central to their health care experience going forward. Moreover, appropriate and accessible information provision is critical to ensure that young individuals with cancer feel equipped and empowered to make decisions about, and be involved in, their treatment and recovery throughout their experience; this is a concept known as prehabilitation.

Author Correction: Disruption of the beclin 1-BCL2 autophagy regulatory complex promotes longevity in mice.

In this Letter, the graphs in Fig. 2a and c were inadvertently the same owing to a copy and paste error from the original graphs in Prism. The Source Data files containing the raw data were correct.

Cisplatin nephrotoxicity as a model of chronic kidney disease.

Cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity is widely accepted as a model for acute kidney injury (AKI). Although cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rodent has been reported, the role of phosphate in the cisplatin-induced CKD progression is not described. In this study, we gave a single peritoneal injection of CP followed by high (2%) phosphate diet for 20 weeks.

Disruption of the beclin 1-BCL2 autophagy regulatory complex promotes longevity in mice.

Autophagy increases the lifespan of model organisms; however, its role in promoting mammalian longevity is less well-established. Here we report lifespan and healthspan extension in a mouse model with increased basal autophagy. To determine the effects of constitutively increased autophagy on mammalian health, we generated targeted mutant mice with a Phe121Ala mutation in beclin 1 (Becn1) that decreases its interaction with the negative regulator BCL2.

Effects of erythropoietin receptor activity on angiogenesis, tubular injury, and fibrosis in acute kidney injury: a "U-shaped" relationship.

The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is widely expressed but its renoprotective action is unexplored. To examine the role of EpoR in vivo in the kidney, we induced acute kidney injury (AKI) by ischemia-reperfusion in mice with different EpoR bioactivities in the kidney. EpoR bioactivity was reduced by knockin of wild-type human EpoR, which is hypofunctional relative to murine EpoR, and a renal tubule-specific EpoR knockout.

Locomotor analysis identifies early compensatory changes during disease progression and subgroup classification in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motoneuron degenerative disease that is challenging to diagnose and presents with considerable variability in survival. Early identification and enhanced understanding of symptomatic patterns could aid in diagnosis and provide an avenue for monitoring disease progression. Use of the mSOD1G93A mouse model provides control of the confounding environmental factors and genetic heterogeneity seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, while investigating underlying disease-induced changes.

A Systematic and Integrated Review of Mobile-Based Technology to Promote Active Lifestyles in People With Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: The aim was to review studies examining the effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility of mobile-based technology for promoting active lifestyles in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Background: Benefits of leading an active lifestyle following a diagnosis of T2D, including improved glycemic control, have been reported. Studies examining the specific use of mobile-based technologies to promote an active lifestyle in T2D have not previously been reviewed.

Identification of B6SJL mSOD1(G93A) mouse subgroups with different disease progression rates.

Disease progression rates among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating patient progression rates.

The need for speed in rodent locomotion analyses.

Locomotion analysis is now widely used across many animal species to understand the motor defects in disease, functional recovery following neural injury, and the effectiveness of various treatments. More recently, rodent locomotion analysis has become an increasingly popular method in a diverse range of research. Speed is an inseparable aspect of locomotion that is still not fully understood, and its effects are often not properly incorporated while analyzing data.

Comparison of the disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates in functional neuroimaging data: validation of the Lancaster transform.

Spatial normalization of neuroimaging data is a standard step when assessing group effects. As a result of divergent analysis procedures due to different normalization algorithms or templates, not all published coordinates refer to the same neuroanatomical region. Specifically, the literature is populated with results in the form of MNI or Talairach coordinates, and their disparity can impede the comparison of results across different studies.

T2 detection of tumor invasion within segmented components of glioblastoma multiforme.

Purpose: To use T2-weighted images to detect tumor invasion when comparing normal individuals to groups of gliomablastoma multiforme (GBM) patients with varying levels of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that promotes tumor migration.

Materials And Methods: T2-weighted images were acquired preoperatively in 22 treatment-naïve GBM patients. Two groups were formed based on the expression levels of CXCR4.

CXCR4 expression is elevated in glioblastoma multiforme and correlates with an increase in intensity and extent of peritumoral T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging signal abnormalities.

Objective: With the objective of investigating the utility of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor known to mediate glioma cell invasiveness, as a molecular marker for peritumoral disease extent in high-grade gliomas, we sought to characterize the expression profile of CXCR4 in a large panel of tumor samples and determine whether CXCR4 expression levels within glioblastoma multiforme might correlate with radiological evidence of a more extensive disease process.

Methods: Freshly resected tumor tissue samples were processed for immunohistochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses to identify and quantify expression levels of CXCR4 and its corresponding ligand CXCL12. T1 postcontrast and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were used to generate voxel signal intensity histograms that were quantitatively analyzed to determine the extent and intensity of peritumoral signal abnormality as a marker of disseminated disease in the brain.

An objective method for combining multi-parametric MRI datasets to characterize malignant tumors.

Medical imaging has made significant contributions to the characterization of malignant tumors. In many cases, however, maps from multiple modalities may be required for more complete tumor mapping. In this manuscript we propose an objective method for combining multiple imaging datasets with the goal of characterizing malignant tumors.

Self-paced working memory: validation of verbal variations of the n-back paradigm.

Self-paced versions of many paradigms could have utility in probing cognitive systems. To validate several self-paced n-back paradigms, fourteen subjects performed four variations of the working memory task using visually presented letters as stimuli. Several areas in the frontal lobe, the anterior cingulate and a parietal network were consistently activated in the four variations: identity of black letters, location of black letters, color of colored letters and identity of colored letters.

Physiologic characterisation of glioblastoma multiforme using MRI-based hypoxia mapping, chemical shift imaging, perfusion and diffusion maps.

Purpose: A multiparametric, physiologic MRI approach was considered to more completely characterise biopsy-confirmed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Chemical shift imaging (CSI) supplied biochemical information in metabolite ratios, while perfusion images provided data on presumed vascularity from regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and permeability maps. Diffusion-weighted images were reduced to apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps to evaluate cellularity, and blood oxygen level-dependent imaging was used to create maps of putative hypoxic regions.