Manual testing for ankle instability.

Aim: To assess inter-rater reliability of ankle manual tests. We also correlated the manual tests with the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT).

Method: One ankle from each of 60 participants was assessed using four different manual tests (anterior drawer in supine and crook lying, talar tilt, inversion tilt).

Effect of anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction on proprioceptive acuity of knee rotation in the transverse plane.

Background: Studies assessing proprioceptive acuity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees have only considered proprioception for knee movements in the sagittal plane rather than in the transverse plane (ie, rotation), despite the fact that the ACL plays a critical role in knee rotational stability and that the ACL is injured almost exclusively with a rotation mechanism. Therefore a test of proprioception is needed that involves movements similar to the mechanism of injury, in this case, rotation.

Purpose: To determine whether proprioceptive acuity in rotation changes after ACL injury and reconstruction, and to examine differences in proprioceptive acuity, range, laxity, and activity level among injured knees, contralateral knees, and healthy controls.