Measuring treatment impacts on symptoms in adults with hypoparathyroidism: findings from the PaTHway trial.

Background: Hypoparathyroidism is a rare endocrine disease frequently associated with serious physical and cognitive symptoms. This study's purpose was to understand the impacts of the phase 3 PaTHway clinical trial treatment, TransCon PTH, on patients' overall, physical, and cognitive hypoparathyroidism signs/symptoms and what patients consider meaningful improvement.

Methods: Individual telephone exit interviews were conducted with patients who recently completed the PaTHway trial blinded period.

Functioning and well-being in older children and adolescents with achondroplasia: A qualitative study.

The study aimed to explore how having achondroplasia affects older children and adolescents' day-to-day functioning and well-being. Individual/focus group interviews were conducted with older children/adolescents between the ages of 9 to <18 years and diagnosed with achondroplasia to elicit key concepts. An adapted grounded theory approach informed the qualitative analysis of interview data.

A qualitative study of the impacts of having an infant or young child with achondroplasia on parent well-being.

Background: Currently, there is limited research on how having a child diagnosed with achondroplasia affects parents' lives. The purpose of the study was to investigate the experiences of parents of infants and young children less than two years of age with achondroplasia.

Methods: Concept elicitation interviews were conducted with parents of children less than 2 years of age with achondroplasia in the United States and Spain.

Assessing physical symptoms, daily functioning, and well-being in children with achondroplasia.

This study's purpose was to provide qualitative evidence to support the development of two observer-reported outcome measures assessing the physical symptoms/complications of achondroplasia in children and impacts on children's quality of life. Individual/focus group concept elicitation interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 2 to <12 years with achondroplasia and experts. Qualitative analysis of transcripts, based on an adapted grounded theory approach, informed item generation and measure development.

Assessing the impacts of having a child with achondroplasia on parent well-being.

Purpose: This study's purpose was to develop a better understanding of the experiences of parents of children with achondroplasia and to provide qualitative evidence to support the development of a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measure of parent impacts.

Methods: Concept elicitation (CE) individual/focus group interviews were conducted with parents of children aged 2 to < 12 years with achondroplasia in the United States and Spain. The qualitative analysis informed the PRO measure development.

Post-Basal Insulin Intensification and Healthcare Resource Use in Type 2 Diabetes: A Web-Based Physician Survey in the United States and United Kingdom.

Introduction: Currently, there is limited knowledge of the healthcare resources and time needed to intensify patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with basal insulin to more complex treatment regimens. The purpose of the study was to investigate physicians' perspectives on the time and healthcare resources required for post-basal insulin intensification to basal-bolus and to basal in combination with a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1) regimens. The study also examined referrals to specialists for intensification and patient challenges with intensification.

Diabetes Management and Healthcare Resource Use When Intensifying from Basal Insulin to Basal-Bolus: A Survey of Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

Introduction: Currently, there is limited knowledge about the experiences and challenges type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients face when intensifying from basal insulin to more complex regimens. The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of adults with T2D who have been intensified to a basal-bolus insulin regimen, including challenges related to intensification, medication adherence issues, non-persistence, and healthcare resource use related to intensification.

Methods: A web-based survey of adults diagnosed with T2D and currently treated with basal insulin was conducted in the UK and the USA.

Postprandial glucose and healthcare resource use: a cross-sectional survey of adults with diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin.

Aims: Postprandial glucose (PPG) control is a well-known challenge for diabetes management, yet there is limited research on how PPG affects healthcare resource utilization. This study investigated the association between PPG levels and healthcare resource utilization among adults with diabetes treated with basal-bolus insulin.

Methods: A web-based, cross-sectional survey (n = 940) of adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and treated with basal and bolus insulins was conducted in Italy, the UK, and the US.

Development of the Weight-Related Sign and Symptom Measure.

Background: Overweight and obesity have been associated with physical and emotional signs & symptoms. Research has shown that modest weight loss can mitigate some symptoms in individuals with overweight or obesity. This study's purpose was to conduct concept elicitation (CE) interviews to provide documented qualitative support for the development of the Weight-Related Sign and Symptom Measure (WRSSM) to assess weight-related signs/symptoms in U.

Understanding bolus insulin dose timing: the characteristics and experiences of people with diabetes who take bolus insulin.

Objective: Despite the increased popularity of newer, fast-acting bolus insulin treatment options that allow for more flexibility in the timing of bolus insulin dosing in recent years, relatively little is known about people with diabetes who administer bolus insulin at differing times in relation to their meals. The purpose of this study was to investigate bolus insulin dose timing in relation to meals among people with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes, as well as to better understand the characteristics and experiences of people who bolus dose at differing times.

Methods: A web-based survey of adults with T1D and T2D treated with bolus insulin therapy in Germany, the UK, and USA was conducted.

Perceptions of diabetes control among people with type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin in Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Objective: To investigate perceptions of control among people with uncontrolled and well controlled type 2 diabetes (T2D) treated with basal insulin, as well as differences in perceptions and diabetes management practices between the two groups.

Research Design And Methods: Web surveys of 1012 people with uncontrolled T2D (HbA >8.0% or 64 mmol/mol) on basal insulin in Sweden, Switzerland, and the UK and 295 people with well controlled T2D (HbA <7.

Understanding Post-Prandial Hyperglycemia in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Web-based Survey in Germany, the UK, and USA.

Introduction: To explore how patients with diabetes experience post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPH) or elevated blood glucose (BG) following a meal.

Methods: A web-based survey of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using bolus insulin in Germany, the USA, and the UK was conducted.

Results: A total of 906 respondents completed the survey.

The Economic Burden of Post-prandial Hyperglycemia (PPH) Among People with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Three Countries.

Introduction: Post-prandial hyperglycemia (PPH) among people with diabetes is a well-known clinical challenge to diabetes management. While the economic burden of diabetes is well studied, little is known about economic costs specific to PPH. The purpose of this study was to investigate costs of PPH related to work, diabetes management, and use of healthcare resources among people with diabetes taking bolus insulin.

Perceptions of diabetes control among physicians and people with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on basal insulin in Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Objective A large proportion of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remain uncontrolled on basal insulin. Yet, there is limited understanding of how people with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (PWUD) perceive control and insulin intensification and whether their perceptions differ from those of physicians. The purpose of the study was to investigate perceptions of control and views on insulin intensification among physicians and PWUD.

The black-white test score gap and early home environment.

Based on panel data for three age cohorts of children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we examine how early home environment contributes to black-white achievement gaps at different developmental stages and the extent to which early gaps contribute to later racial achievement gaps. We find large black-white test score differences among children of all ages even before children start formal schooling. Except for the oldest cohort, the gaps for all tests widened when children's cognitive skills were assessed six years later.