Incremental healthcare cost burden in patients with atrial flutter only.

Background: Limited information is available on the costs related to atrial flutter only. This study provides a comprehensive estimate of the cost in patients with atrial flutter only versus matched patients without any atrial arrhythmia.

Methods: Patients over 20 years of age with a minimum of one inpatient or two outpatient diagnosis codes for atrial flutter in 2005 and a minimum of 12 months of continuous enrollment pre- and post-index were identified using the MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases.

Induced Neurons for Disease Modeling and Repair: A Focus on Non-fibroblastic Cell Sources in Direct Reprogramming.

Direct cellular reprogramming exhibits distinct advantages over reprogramming from an induced pluripotent stem cell intermediate. These include a reduced risk of tumorigenesis and the likely preservation of epigenetic data. direct reprogramming approaches primarily aim to model the pathophysiological development of neurological disease and identify therapeutic targets, while direct reprogramming aims to develop treatments for various neurological disorders, including cerebral injury and cancer.