National Seclusion and Restraint Trends within Child Residential Treatment Facilities: 2010-2020 in Review.

This study aimed to estimate the percentage of child RTCs utilizing seclusion and restraint (S/R) practices and examine predictors associated with increased likelihood of S/R use between 2010 and 2020. A secondary analysis of the National Mental Health Services Survey was conducted (n-range = 580-781). Facility-level client demographics and facility characteristics were examined using multi-level logistic regression.

Mast Cells Induce Blood Brain Barrier Damage in SCD by Causing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Endothelium.

Endothelial dysfunction underlies the pathobiology of cerebrovascular disease. Mast cells are located in close proximity to the vasculature, and vasoactive mediators released upon their activation can promote endothelial activation leading to blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. We examined the mechanism of mast cell-induced endothelial activation endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated P-selectin expression in a transgenic mouse model of sickle cell disease (SCD), which shows BBB dysfunction.

Mast cell activation contributes to sickle cell pathobiology and pain in mice.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder associated with severe lifelong pain and significant morbidity. The mechanisms of pain in SCA remain poorly understood. We show that mast cell activation/degranulation contributes to sickle pain pathophysiology by promoting neurogenic inflammation and nociceptor activation via the release of substance P in the skin and dorsal root ganglion.

Influence of morphine on pericyte-endothelial interaction: implications for antiangiogenic therapy.

Morphine stimulates tumor angiogenesis and cancer progression in mice. We examined if morphine influences endothelial-pericyte interaction via platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and PDGF receptor-β (PDGFR-β). Clinically relevant doses of morphine stimulated PDGF-BB secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and activated PDGFR-β and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) phosphorylation in human pericytes.