Barriers Faced by American Indian Women in Urban Wisconsin in Seeking Help Following an Experience of Intimate Partner Violence.

American Indian (AI) women experience high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) and face many barriers when help-seeking. This study aims to understand better the context of IPV and help-seeking behaviors for urban AI women after experiences with IPV. Postcolonial and Indigenous feminist frameworks framed this critical ethnography study.

Predicting accidental drug overdose as the cause of fatality in near real-time using the Suspected Potential Overdose Tracker (SPOT): public health implications.

Background: Effective responses to the worsening drug overdose epidemic require accurate and timely drug overdose surveillance data. The objectives of this paper are to describe the development, functionality, and accuracy of the Suspected Potential Overdose Tracker (SPOT) for predicting accidental drug overdose as the cause and manner of death in near real-time, and public health implications of adopting the tool.

Methods: SPOT was developed to rapidly identify overdose deaths through a simple and duplicable process using data collected by death investigators.

The Utility of Postcolonial and Indigenous Feminist Frameworks in Guiding Nursing Research and Practice About Intimate Partner Violence in the Lives of American Indian Women.

The purpose of this theoretical article is to analyze the utility of postcolonial and Indigenous feminist frameworks in informing nursing research and practice specific to addressing intimate partner violence (IPV) in the lives of Indigenous women. Prevailing feminist narratives of the 20th century focused overwhelmingly on patriarchy as the sole source of oppression against women and root cause of IPV. These narratives failed to consider the complex historical ways in which patriarchy intersected with colonialism and racism to produce violence, affecting the contemporary realities of Indigenous women.

A Historical Analysis of the Impact of Hegemonic Masculinities on Sexual Assault in the Lives of Ethnic Minority Women: Informing Nursing Interventions and Health Policy.

Women's experiences of sexual assault are rooted in and informed by a history that nurses need to understand in order to provide meaningful and effective care. In this article, we present a comprehensive literature review guided by intersectionality theory to deepen our understanding of the historical role that hegemonic masculinity plays in shaping ethnic minority women's experiences of sexual assault. Final sources included were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Increasing Heroin-Methamphetamine (Goofball) Use and Related Morbidity Among Seattle Area People Who Inject Drugs.

Background And Objectives: Methamphetamine use is increasing in the United States, potentially including the simultaneous injection of methamphetamine with heroin (goofball). We compared demographic, behavioral, contextual, and health factors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in the Seattle area and who reported that their main drug was goofball, heroin, or methamphetamine.

Methods: We used data from 2017 and 2019 cross-sectional surveys of clients at Public Health-Seattle & King County's syringe services program (N = 792).

Anticipated use of a supervised drug consumption site among syringe services program clients in King County, Washington: Assessing the role of opioid overdose and injection behavior.

Background: US jurisdictions are considering implementing supervised drug consumption sites (SCSs) to combat the overdose epidemic. No sanctioned SCS exists in the US, but King County, Washington has proposed Community Health Engagement Locations (CHELs), which would include supervised drug consumption. We assessed characteristics of people engaged in syringe services programs (SSPs) who anticipated SCS use.

Discussing Drug Use With Health Care Providers Is Associated With Perceived Need and Receipt of Drug Treatment Among Adults in the United States: We Need to Talk.

Background: Drug treatment utilization is low despite a high public health burden of drug use disorders (DUDs). Engaging people at risk for DUDs across a broader range of health care settings may improve uptake of drug treatment.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of drug use screening/discussions between health care providers and individuals with past-year drug use, and to assess the associations between drug use screening/discussions and perceived need and use of drug treatment.

Poliovirus induces autophagic signaling independent of the ULK1 complex.

Unlabelled: Poliovirus (PV), like many positive-strand RNA viruses, subverts the macroautophagy/autophagy pathway to promote its own replication. Here, we investigate whether the virus uses the canonical autophagic signaling complex, consisting of the ULK1/2 kinases, ATG13, RB1CC1, and ATG101, to activate autophagy. We find that the virus sends autophagic signals independent of the ULK1 complex, and that the members of the autophagic complex are not required for normal levels of viral replication.

Cirrhosis-related coagulopathy resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation and spontaneous orbital hemorrhages.

A 33-year-old patient presented to our Emergency Department (ED) with left-sided eyelid ecchymoses and edema. A CT scan of the orbits demonstrated a left retrobulbar hemorrhage, prompting an ophthalmology consultation. Upon examination, the patient reported worsening eye pain and decreasing vision in the left eye.

Anesthetic and airway management during laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity: a survey of US ophthalmologists and neonatologists.

Ophthalmologists and neonatologists were surveyed to assess current practices for anesthetic and airway management techniques used during laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Of the 351 practitioners who completed the survey, most perform fewer than 10 treatments annually. Intravenous sedation, rather than general anesthesia, is used by 60% of respondents.

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in a child with optic disk drusen.

Optic disk drusen are calcific deposits that form in the optic nerve head secondary to abnormalities in axonal metabolism and degeneration. The clinical course is variable, ranging from stable vision to acute or progressive visual loss. We evaluated a healthy 12-year-old boy with a history of asymptomatic bilateral disk drusen who presented with acute painless unilateral visual loss after hiking to an altitude of 11,000 feet.

A transposon site hybridization screen identifies galU and wecBC as important for survival of Yersinia pestis in murine macrophages.

Yersinia pestis is able to survive and replicate within murine macrophages. However, the mechanism by which Y. pestis promotes its intracellular survival is not well understood.

Picornavirus subversion of the autophagy pathway.

While autophagy has been shown to act as an anti-viral defense, the Picornaviridae avoid and, in many cases, subvert this pathway to promote their own replication. Evidence indicates that some picornaviruses hijack autophagy in order to induce autophagosome-like membrane structures for genomic RNA replication. Expression of picornavirus proteins can specifically induce the machinery of autophagy, although the mechanisms by which the viruses employ autophagy appear to differ.

Human rhinovirus 2 induces the autophagic pathway and replicates more efficiently in autophagic cells.

Picornaviruses rearrange cellular membranes to form cytosolic replication sites. In the case of poliovirus and several other picornaviruses, these membranes are derived from subversion of the cellular autophagy pathway. We also reported observation of autophagosome-like structures during infection by two human rhinoviruses (HRVs), HRV-2 and HRV-14 (W.

Yersinia pestis can reside in autophagosomes and avoid xenophagy in murine macrophages by preventing vacuole acidification.

Yersinia pestis survives and replicates in phagosomes of murine macrophages. Previous studies demonstrated that Y. pestis-containing vacuoles (YCVs) acquire markers of late endosomes or lysosomes in naïve macrophages and that this bacterium can survive in macrophages activated with the cytokine gamma interferon.

Grand rounds: nephrotoxicity in a young child exposed to uranium from contaminated well water.

Context: Private wells that tap groundwater are largely exempt from federal drinking-water regulations, and in most states well water is not subject to much of the mandatory testing required of public water systems. Families that rely on private wells are thus at risk of exposure to a variety of unmeasured contaminants.

Case Presentation: A family of seven--two adults and five children--residing in rural northwestern Connecticut discovered elevated concentrations of uranium in their drinking water, with levels measured at 866 and 1,160 microg/L, values well above the U.

Zebrafish short fin mutations in connexin43 lead to aberrant gap junctional intercellular communication.

Mutations in the zebrafish connexin43 (cx43) gene cause the short fin phenotype, indicating that direct cell-cell communication contributes to bone length. Three independently generated cx43 alleles exhibit short segments of variable sizes, suggesting that gap junctional intercellular communication may regulate bone growth. Dye coupling assays showed that all alleles are capable of forming gap junction channels.

Mycobacterium marinum Erp is a virulence determinant required for cell wall integrity and intracellular survival.

The Mycobacterium tuberculosis exported repetitive protein (Erp) is a virulence determinant required for growth in cultured macrophages and in vivo. To better understand the role of Erp in Mycobacterium pathogenesis, we generated a mutation in the erp homologue of Mycobacterium marinum, a close genetic relative of M. tuberculosis.

Entrances and exits: health insurance churning, 1998-2000.

Analysis of 1998-2000 health insurance data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey shows large numbers of people with unstable health insurance coverage. Young adults, Hispanics, people with low levels of education, those who transition into and out of poverty, and those with private non-group insurance are most likely to have unstable coverage. In addition, demographic factors and type of insurance interact to determine stability of coverage.