Publications by authors named "Kathryn Hirabayashi"
Background: The impact of pre-infection vaccination on the risk of long COVID remains unclear in the pediatric population. We aim to assess the effectiveness of BNT162b2 on long COVID risks with various strains of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in children and adolescents, using comparative effectiveness methods. We further explore if such pre-infection vaccination can mitigate the risk of long COVID beyond its established protective benefits against SARS-CoV-2 infection using causal mediation analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: This study seeks to identify demographic and clinical factors prompting clinician prescribing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to pediatric patients for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.
Methods: Patients aged 12 to 17 years with a COVID-19 infection and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription during an outpatient clinical encounter within a PEDSnet-affiliated institution between January 2022 and August 2023 were identified using electronic health record data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription after adjusting for various factors.
Background: Sibling studies of maternal smoking during pregnancy and subsequent risk of depression have produced mixed results. A recent study identified not considering the amount of maternal smoking and age of onset as potentially masking a true association. We examine these issues and also the amount of maternal smoking during pregnancy as a determinant of the severity of depressive symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Vaccination reduces the risk of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, but it is less clear whether it protects against long COVID. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against long COVID in children aged 5 to 17 years.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from 17 health systems in the RECOVER PCORnet electronic health record program for visits after vaccine availability.
Article Synopsis
- The study evaluates the BNT162b2 vaccine's effectiveness in preventing COVID-19 infection and severe illness in children and adolescents, focusing on the Delta and Omicron variants.
- It involved analyzing data from over 77,000 adolescents during the Delta phase and 167,000 children and adolescents during the Omicron phase, comparing vaccinated individuals to those unvaccinated.
- Results showed the vaccine was extremely effective (98.4%) during the Delta period, while the effectiveness during the Omicron period dropped to around 74.3%, with no significant impact on cardiac complications among vaccinated individuals.
Article Synopsis
- The BNT162b2 vaccine was effective in preventing COVID-19 infection among adolescents during the Delta variant period, showing a 98.4% effectiveness without significant waning after the first dose.
- During the Omicron period, the vaccine's effectiveness decreased to 74.3% against infections in children, while still providing strong protection against severe disease and ICU admissions.
- The study involved a large sample size across different age groups and carefully assessed potential risks related to vaccination, especially concerning cardiac complications, and found no increased risk.
Objective: Vaccination reduces the risk of acute COVID-19 in children, but it is less clear whether it protects against long COVID. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against long COVID in children aged 5-17 years.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from 17 health systems in the RECOVER PCORnet electronic health record (EHR) Program for visits between vaccine availability, and October 29, 2022.
Article Synopsis
- - The study investigates whether obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases the risk of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in COVID-19 patients, utilizing data from multiple health research networks.
- - Researchers calculated odds ratios to compare the likelihood of developing PASC in those with and without a prior OSA diagnosis, with results showing that adults with OSA exhibited a significantly higher risk.
- - The findings indicate that adults with preexisting OSA may be at greater risk for long-term complications following COVID-19, suggesting the need for closer monitoring of these patients post-infection.
Article Synopsis
- The study examined the rates of Paxlovid prescriptions in patients under 23, using electronic health records from a large pediatric network.
- Out of over 1.4 million patients, only 920 received prescriptions, mainly aged 18-23, with most prescriptions given after April 2022.
- A significant portion of these patients had chronic health conditions, but many didn't have documented COVID-19 infections before receiving the medication, indicating a need for improved prescribing practices for children.
Children with ADHD show developmentally abnormal levels of mirror overflow-unintentional movements occurring symmetrically opposite of intentional movements. Because mirror overflow correlates with ADHD behavioral symptoms, the study of disinhibition in motor control may shed light on physiologic mechanisms underlying impaired behavioral/cognitive control. This is a case-controlled study of EEG recording from 25 children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) controls performing unilateral sequential finger tapping, with overflow movements measured using electronic goniometers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Compared to typically developing (TD) peers, children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) consistently demonstrate impaired transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked short interval cortical inhibition (SICI) of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in resting motor cortex (M1). To determine whether perturbed M1 physiology also reflects clinically relevant behavioral dysfunction, we evaluated M1 physiology during a cognitive control task taxing motor response selection/inhibition.
Methods: In this case-control study, behavioral ratings, motor skill (assessed using standardized examination), and left M1 physiology were evaluated in 131 right-handed, 8- to 12-year-old children (66 ADHD: mean 10.
Reduced subcortical volumes among preschool-age girls and boys with ADHD.
Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging
January 2018
Anomalous brain structure and function are implicated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neuroimaging research, however, has examined school-aged children, despite the typical onset of symptoms in early childhood. This study compared the volumes of subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) among preschoolers with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children.
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