White Tongue Because of Uremic Stomatitis as a Sign of Advanced Kidney Disease.

We present a case of a previously healthy adolescent male who initially presented to his primary care physician with the chief complaint of a "large and white tongue," who subsequently was diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and associated uremic stomatitis. This patient required admission to a PICU for acute renal replacement therapy with intermittent hemodialysis, and his hospital course was complicated by generalized tonic-clonic seizures. ESKD is difficult to diagnose in the pediatric population because these patients are often asymptomatic in the early stages given the insidiousness of underlying disorders.

Novel repair of a quadriceps tendon rupture after a total knee arthroplasty using gracilis and semitendinosus autografts.

Background: Multiple techniques have been described for repair of quadriceps tendon rupture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with unsatisfactory outcomes. We present a novel technique for repair using hamstring tendon autografts.

Methods: A 54 year-old morbidly obese patient presented five months after quadriceps tendon rupture.

A Case Report of Acute Exertional Compartment Syndrome with Peroneal Nerve Palsy in an Adolescent Athlete.

Introduction: Acute following a chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a known but uncommonly encountered complication of sports activity and its physiologic profile remains unclear to date. Failure to recognize and promptly treat this condition can lead to disastrous sequelae.

Case Report: We present the case of a 13-year-old lacrosse player with a history of CECS who developed unprovoked acute compartment syndrome.

Neuron-specific deficits of bioenergetic processes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a devastating illness that affects over 2 million people in the United States and costs society billions of dollars annually. New insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia are needed to provide the conceptual framework to facilitate development of new treatment strategies. We examined bioenergetic pathways in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of subjects with schizophrenia and control subjects using western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme/substrate assays.

Cell-subtype-specific changes in adenosine pathways in schizophrenia.

Prior work in animal models implicates abnormalities of adenosine metabolism in astrocytes as a possible pathophysiological mechanism underlying the symptoms of schizophrenia. In the present study, we sought to reverse-translate these findings back to the human brain in schizophrenia, focusing on the following questions: (1) Which components of the adenosine system are dysregulated in schizophrenia, and (2) are these changes limited to astrocytes? To address these questions, we captured enriched populations of DLPFC pyramidal neurons and astrocytes from schizophrenia and control subjects using laser capture microdissection and assessed expression of adenosine system components using qPCR. Interestingly, we found changes in enriched populations of astrocytes and neurons spanning metabolic and catabolic pathways.

Abnormalities of signal transduction networks in chronic schizophrenia.

Unlabelled: Schizophrenia is a serious neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by disruptions of brain cell metabolism, microstructure, and neurotransmission. All of these processes require coordination of multiple kinase-mediated signaling events. We hypothesize that imbalances in kinase activity propagate through an interconnected network of intracellular signaling with potential to simultaneously contribute to many or all of the observed deficits in schizophrenia.

Effects of High-Fat Diet on Stress Response in Male and Female Wildtype and Prolactin Knockout Mice.

Prolactin (PRL) is well characterized for its roles in initiation and maintenance of lactation, and it also suppresses stress-induced responses. Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) disrupts activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Whether PRL regulates HPA axis activation under HFD feeding is not clear.